Technologies Leadership In Global Business â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine About The Technologies Leadership In Global Business? Answer: Presentation Portable web has been distinguished as one of the most troublesome innovations. Versatile web permits access to World Wide Web through by the utilization of convenient handheld gadgets (Williams, 2014). The accommodation of these cell phones has made it a huge innovation in the 21 century and a great many people have received it. By the utilization of portable web, a great many people these days can get to the web and modest costs (Murdoch Beahm, 2012). This report audits News Corp Australia to look at the impacts that this troublesome innovation the board has had on the media organizations and particularly news organizations in Australia and internationally. Rundown of News Corp Australia News Corp Australia is one of the main and biggest media organizations in Australia. It utilizes in excess of 8000 staff all through the nation and in excess of 3000 writers are contracted to the organization. The organization is recorded on the Australian securities exchange with premiums in paper distributing, the web, membership TV and statistical surveying. The organization is additionally on the matter of TV creation exchanging resources. The organization claims around 142 Sunday, week after week and every day paper with a wide scope of appropriation and consequently contacting a wide crowd all through the nation. A portion of the items under its item portfolio incorporate Daily Telegraph, Sydney morning Herald, The Australian, The Advertiser, and Mercury. The organization for the most part relies upon distributing business eve thou it has an interest in computerized media and in membership television.(Kim, 2010) The organization has been performing totally well throughout the y ears. As of late, the organization recorded lost US$219 million. The misfortune was primarily ascribed to a diminishing in publicizing income and decrease in deals of the companys distributions. It is critical to break down the effect that the problematic innovation of versatile web has had on the media organization. The misfortune has additionally been ascribed to the debilitation of the fixed resources utilized in the printing of papers because of innovation getting out of date. Assessment of the effect that portable web innovation has had on News Corp Australia Portable web innovation has carried a great deal helpful for some individuals and organizations universally. The headway of this innovation has helped individuals to approach data at an extremely quick rate and at a decreased expense. The utilization of cell phone has gotten progressively mainstream in the course of the most recent decade. The development of the Smartphone innovation has made web association through cell phones significantly quicker with lightning rates of association. Because of this mechanical headway, the matter of online paper began. Individuals are currently ready to acquire exceptional data utilizing their cell phone in their living rooms. This has realized a decrease in deals of most online papers and subsequently prompting decline in incomes for the paper printing organizations. The versatile web innovation has become a significant wellspring of data and news for the vast majority since individuals can get step by step reports on what's going on around the world and doesn't need to hang tight for the periodical distributions. The versatile web innovation likewise brought about web based life innovation where numerous applications have been created which assume the job recently saved for conventional reporting. Regardless of the advantages that have come because of this innovation, there are likewise many negative ramifications of this troublesome innovation. This innovation has come about to numerous individuals being laid off in associations over the world. This is on the grounds that, the errands that were recently done by numerous individuals can be effectively and all the more proficiently be embraced utilizing innovation (Naughton, 2013). Organizations in the paper distributing business have likewise endured misfortunes because of the sharp reduction in the interest for papers because of the online papers. News Corp is one of such organizations that have endured misfortune credited to the versatile web innovation. The organization made a misfortune adding up to US$219 million. The constant misfortunes combined with significant expenses for the organization have brought about gigantic cutbacks. In the year 2015, News Corp cutback 55 paper editors including those working at The Australi an, The Daily Telegraph and the Herald Sun. The companys Chief official in Australia accused the decrease in publicizing incomes by the paper as the primary purpose behind the cutback. This decay has been because of organizations wanting to publicize on advanced stages, for example, Google and Facebook and thus influencing the paper business. The organization in the year 2017 alone has laid off in excess of 100 representatives because of repetition to help cut on costs. Queensland masthead will cut its staff size by 45 laborers. 42 different writers were laid off in December 2016. The Gold Coast Bulletin was set to lose 10 positions at the hour of composing this paper. This, subsequently, clarifies the tremendous impact that portable web innovation has had on employments over the media business. The chose merged and consolidated budgetary information ought to be perused related to Item 7Managements Discussion and Analysis As of June 30, 2016 2015 2014 2013 (e) 2012 (in millions) Asset report DATA: Money and money counterparts 1,832 1,951 3,145 2,381 1,133 All out resources 15,483 15,035 16,351 15,523 12,991 All out borrowings 372 Redeemable favored stock 20 20 20 20 Rundown of Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) The Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) is a British banking and protection holding organization. The bank is situated in Edinburg, Scotland (Armstrong, 2017). The bank has numerous brands under it and it offers different kinds of banking administrations to its clients. A portion of the sorts of banking administrations offered by the RBS incorporate; individual banking, speculation banking, business banking, private banking, protection and corporate fund administrations. It works in different nations in Europe, North America and Asia. The bank was established in the year 1727 and it has been working for over 290 years (Dobbs, Manyika Woetzel, 2015). The money related report of the organization shows that the organization recorded income of $12.590 billion in the year 2016.As at June 2017; RBS had 77,900 representatives on its finance. In 2009, RBS was recorded as the biggest organization on the planet as far as resources. The greater part stake in the bank is claimed by the UK Financial spe culation which is government possessed. In the ongoing years since the year 2008, the bank has been rebuilding its tasks because of changes in industry slants in the financial business (In Smith, P. A. C., In Cockburn, 2014). The bank has additionally been plotting for better overall revenues by diminishing its expenses of activities How RBS has used portable financial innovation The financial business all inclusive has experienced a transformation in the course of the most recent ten years. The headway of innovation has helped banks in reducing expenses particularly by diminishing wages. The improvement of the versatile web has had an extremely enormous effect on the financial business and numerous different enterprises when all is said in done. This innovation has likewise changed the conduct of buyers and it has made it required for banks to develop or else they are kicked out of the market. Clients are not, at this point keen on visiting banking corridors and lining for extended periods of time just to get little data, for example, their financial balance (Hwang Chen,2017). The RBS has had the option to embrace innovation in its activities. The most critical advancements in the financial business are the versatile web innovation. Most the bank's clients have advanced cells that can get to the web effectively and at high speeds. The buyers, in this manner, request banking items through their cell phones to help spare them time and exertion just as different costs that are engaged with visiting the bank (Ekekwe Islam, 2012). RBS has made an entryway to empower its clients to get to significant data just as different items offered by the bank. Clients can acquire advances, check their bank adjusts, send and get cash globally just as make account withdrawals. The organization has additionally utilized versatile web innovations to structure applications that help their clients pay for administrations utilizing their ledgers. Furthermore, the bank can send month to month bank articulations to account holders who can undoubtedly get to them gave they have advanced cells. How the innovation has affected on occupations RBS RBS has become the main bank in mechanical developments in the United Kingdom. The bank has utilized an enormous number of IT staff so as to accomplish its plan of getting robotized and the pioneer in banking innovation. The organization utilized 2,200 specialists as IT staff in the year 2015(Lund, 2015). In any case, notwithstanding the expansion in the quantity of occupations in the IT division, different areas of the bank have been experiencing work slices because of redundancies. The employments that were recently performed by various staff individuals are currently being performed by a solitary machine. The organization decreased the quantity of Cashiers and other junior representatives of the organization by in excess of 4,600 workers in the year 2015(Heinemann Gaiser, 2015). The expansion in prevalence of electronic, cell phone banking and internet banking has made numerous branches to get inactive. Because of this explanation, the bank is wanting to close down in excess of 15 0 branches in the UK alone. The bank is likewise expected to diminish the quantity of staff in the IT office by around 880 occupations because of the productivity that is relied upon to have been accomplished at that point. End Versatile web innovation has acquired a development different enterprises all inclusive

An Example of an Introduction Free Essays

An Example Of An Introduction How to compose an Introduction It is the aim of this exposition to fundamentally break down how an administrator can design, sort out, lead and control the presentation of a self supervisory group at Aerospace Technology Port Melbourne producing plant. Furthermore, this exposition will likewise fundamentally dissect how a self overseeing group pioneer can include colleagues in issue recognizable proof, group gatherings and rostering and vital reasoning and critical thinking. Thirdly, this paper will try to fundamentally break down how group pioneers inside a self overseeing group can engage other colleagues to become include in issue distinguishing proof and conceptualizing of answers for accomplish an upper hand over key adversaries. We will compose a custom article test on An Example of an Introduction or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now Group of Essay An Example Of How To Construct A Six Step Paragraph Step one: Write a lead in sentence that alludes back to the article point It is the aim of this passage to dissect how and when Drug Inc. enior supervisors can manage protection from change, cutting back and casualisation of non-center workers. Stage Two: Cite master sentiment to help your up and coming circumstances and logical results diagnostic model. Kotter Schlesinger (1979), as refered to in Wood et al. , (2006:504), contends that there are six different ways to manage protection from change to be specific instruction and correspondence, interest and inclusion, backing and help, arrangement and understanding, control and cooptation and express pressure. Stage Three: Write a quantifiable circumstances and logical results systematic model Drug Inc. top directors have chosen to scale down and casualise its non-center workforce to diminish work costs and present web selling as a major aspect of its activities. In any case, these progressions can affect on workers and may prompt an abatement in work fulfillment, non-appearance, spirit, dubious and dread of future business. In this manner the Drug Inc. chiefs actualize its progressions by executing a key arranged change the executives approach that manages protection from change forms. Stage Four: Cite master supposition to help your investigation of the benefits of: Makawatsukul Kleiner (2003), contends that the key points of interest of directors and change specialists being effectively associated with overseeing change is that they can educate representatives about the approaching change being arranged with transparent correspondence, and by communicating the purpose behind scaling back. In stage 2 the rest of the workers ought to be engaged with upgrading and improving their activity jobs and duties. In stage 3 Drug Inc. liberal compensation offers ought to be made to the overcomers of the cutting back to feature how esteemed they are by the board. Furthermore Makawatsukul Kleiner (2003), likewise contends that the Drug Inc. requirements to give pressure the executives, aptitude appraisal, vocation guiding, work environment arrangement programs while preparing projects ought to likewise be given to the rest of the representatives, in an exertion increment their certainty and abilities in performing new position jobs. Stage Five: Cite master feeling to help your examination of the inconveniences of: Whereas, Dawson, (1996), as refered to in Saka (2002), contends that the key weakness of administrators and change specialists not imparting to representatives the looming danger of scaling back and work upgrade may bring about an expansion in bits of gossip that prompts an expansion in staff non-appearance, a decrease in staff assurance and faithfulness that could at last outcome in an increment in staff turnover of exceptionally skilled and center workers. Stage Six: Write a closing sentence (or two) that sums up the key point(s) contained in the all in all, protection from scaling down inside the Drug Inc. association must be survived if representatives concerns are managed straightforwardly and sincerely and the survivors new position jobs and duties are unmistakably characterized and open doors for preparing and improvement and progression are disclosed to every worker on an individual premise. A case of how to compose an amazing section This is a rehash of the past page however in the right paragraphing group) It is the expectation of this passage to investigate how and when Drug Inc. ranking directors can manage protection from change, scaling back and casualisation of non-center representatives. Kotter Schlesinger (1979), as refered to in Wood et al. , (2006:504), contends that there are six different ways to manage protection from change to be specific instruction and correspondence, interest and association, backing and assista nce, arrangement and understanding, control and cooptation and unequivocal compulsion. Medication Inc. top directors have chosen to cut back and casualise its non-center workforce to diminish work costs and present web selling as a feature of its tasks. Be that as it may, these progressions can affect on workers and may prompt a diminishing in work fulfillment, non-appearance, spirit, unsure and dread of future business. In this way the Drug Inc. chiefs actualize its progressions by executing a key arranged change the board approach that manages protection from change forms. Makawatsukul Kleiner (2003), contends that the key favorable circumstances of supervisors and change specialists being effectively engaged with overseeing change is that they can illuminate representatives about the looming change being arranged with transparent correspondence, and by communicating the purpose behind scaling back. In stage 2 the rest of the workers ought to be engaged with overhauling and improving their activity jobs and duties. In stage 3 Drug Inc. enerous compensation offers ought to be made to the overcomers of the cutting back to feature how esteemed they are by the board. What's more Makawatsukul Kleiner (2003), additionally contends that the Drug Inc. necessities to give pressure the board, ability appraisal, profession advising, working environment position programs while preparing projects ought to likewise be given to the rest of the representatives, in an exertion increment their certainty and aptitudes in performing new position jobs. While, Dawson (1996), as refered to in Saka (2002), contends that the key detriment of supervisors and change operators not imparting to representatives the approaching danger of scaling back and work upgrade may bring about an expansion in gossipy tidbits that prompts an expansion in staff non-appearance, a decrease in staff spirit and dependability that could at last outcome in an expansion in staff turnover of exceptionally capable and center representatives. All in all, protection from cutting back inside the Drug Inc. association must be survived if workers concerns are managed transparently and sincerely and the survivors new position jobs and obligations are unmistakably characterized and open doors for preparing and improvement and headway are disclosed to every representative on an individual premise. An Example Of A Conclusion All in all, the key issues recognized inside the KD Transport contextual analysis are John the Managing Director’s absolutist authority style, his despotic dynamic style and inclusion in work investigation and employment upgrade in anticipation of scaling back non center occupation jobs. So as to beat the issues recognized in KD Transport, these issues ought to be tended to effectively. The primary key issue distinguished is that John the Managing Chief of KD Transport ought to be prepared to change his qualities and practices to defeat the issues looking right now because of his totalitarian authority style and dictatorial dynamic. The main key proposal is that John receives increasingly participative authority style over the current imperious administration style since it is probably going to bring about inventive and creative thoughts, worker association in dynamic that produce an expansive scope of activities that could be considered for usage. The second key issue distinguished for the situation study is that John the Managing Director ought to include individual supervisors and workers in the dynamic procedure. The second key proposal is that John embraces participative dynamic where the Managing Director looks for contribution from different administrators and representatives and it is probably going to bring about expanded worker fulfillment, improved staff steadfastness, expanded profitability and progressively casual effective dynamic results. The third key issue distinguished is that John ought to include HR work force in work investigation and occupation update process. The third key proposal is that John the Managing Director look for the association of HR Personnel or a HR specialist in worker scaling back, work examination and occupation overhaul process since HR faculty have the mastery to lead work investigation and distinguish which work jobs ought to be cut back and which representatives and employment jobs ought to make due so as to accomplish present moment just as long haul authoritative objectives and goals. Besides, the HR faculty has the aptitude to structure a preparation and instructing process for the overcomers of the re-association process at KD Transport to play out the new position jobs and duties because of the activity overhaul process that happened with the amalgamation of three distribution centers into one. At long last, John the Managing Director should take all the aforementioned factors into thought so as to encourage the smooth running of the business and over come the present issues that KD Transport is encountering. A Brief Example Of A Bibliography (A catalog must be in sequential order request of creators refered to) References: Compton, R. , Morrissey, W. , and Nankervis, A. , (2006), Effective Recruitment and choice practices, fourth version, CCH Aust Ltd, Sydney Deresky, H (2008), International Management: Managing across outskirts and societies, sixth release, Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA. Fish, A. , Bhanuogopan, R Cogin, J. , (2008), ‘Value directions as predicators of social and business impact’, Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 30-48. Fu, P. , Yukl, G. , (

6 Major difference between Thesis and Research Paper

6 Major difference between Thesis and Research Paper You all must have heard about Thesis and Research Papers and many of you must be confused about them. When you go to graduate schools, postgraduate schools or pursue a doctorate degree, you need to submit either thesis or research paper or dissertation. In this blog post, we will discuss the difference between Thesis and Research Paper. THESIS- A Thesis is long academic writing which involves personal research. It is written by someone to obtain a university degree or diploma. RESEARCH PAPER- It is a piece of academic writing, written as a part of the subject and do not constitute a separate subject or module. In the research paper, the researcher has to do independent research and then write a description of the findings. Thesis vs Research Paper Summary Thesis vs Research Paper1. Purpose2. Style3.Time Taken4.Help Required5.Results6.Originality Both of them are academic writings. They both are having a similar internal structure like both contains an introduction, literature review, research methodology, data analysis, interpretation, findings, conclusions etc. but differ by purpose, style of writing and specific components. Our experts will discuss these in detail. Many students find the difficulty in differentiating them. So here we begin with Difference between Thesis and Research Paper. 1. Purpose The purpose of writing a thesis is to obtain a university degree or qualification. Purpose of writing a research paper is to expand knowledge. The reader must learn something new when he or she read the research paper. This is major difference between Thesis and Research Paper. 2. Style Since thesis is written to obtain a degree so it is usually longer than research paper. The research paper is all about establishing central part of thesis with all the data and proofs gathered. 3.Time Taken As we know that thesis is lengthier than research paper so the completion of thesis takes a lot more time than that of the research papers. 4.Help Required Thesis is always completed in someone’s supervision i.e. for completion of thesis, university assigns the student a supervisor. But in case of research paper, most of the times, no supervisor is assigned. If in case you need help, you can take help from Homework Help Websites. 5.Results Thesis is said to be completed after the oral examination which takes place after the submission of the thesis. This oral examination includes the presentation of your thesis in front of the examination board and answering their questions. The final results are based on both contents of the thesis and an oral examination. But the research paper is said to be completed after the plagiarism check of the research paper and the content of the research paper. 6.Originality The demand for originality is much higher for thesis as compared to that of the research papers. While choosing a topic for thesis the author must take into consideration the expectation of originality in the field or the input of some relevant new information or ideas. This is also a difference between Thesis and Research Paper. That was all about difference between Thesis and Research Paper. Hope this article will help you. Most of the people find difficulty in making assignments, research papers, Thesis etc. due to their complex nature and lack of supervision. If you too are facing any difficulty in completing these, then you can take the help of experts. Here at CallTutors, we are having a team of experts to help you out and meet your demands in the given time. If you have any query please mention in the comments section below.

Freedom The American Dream - 1465 Words

Megan Cain Cain 1 Mrs. Bonessi Honors English IIB March 16, 2014 Freedom: The American Dream Throughout history, America has exceeded the limits and expectations other countries regrettably laid upon us. From writing the very first Constitution to conquering Hawaii and Puerto Rico, America has grown from on tiny colony to a country three times the size of Germany. The United States of America is now known as one of the most powerful civilizations in the world. Though, this power would not have occurred without a goal in the hearts of many. The original colonists that came to North America in order to construct a new life made the treacherous journey for one reason and one reason only- freedom. The Great Britain†¦show more content†¦As slavery dispersed and segregation was introduced, a man named Martin Luther King Jr. stepped up and fought for complete freedom. Thousands of people seeking equality and freedom follow his movement to end segregation. In his famous speech â€Å"I Had A Dream†, he states â€Å"And when this happens, a nd when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God s children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . He became an American sensation due to the fact that he did not settle for safety. Instead, he put his life on the line for the freedom of future Americans, and in turn died for the freedom he so passionately seeked. H.L. Mencken’s quote is further disproved by the American culture itself. Our national anthem was written during the war that gave the Thirteen Colonies complete freedom to become their own colony. This poem describes how Americans laid down their lives in order to win freedom for their country. In the Star Spangled Banner (America’s National Anthem), it specifically states â€Å"O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave†. America n citizens do not proudly sing this in honor of being safe; no, they sing it to honor the bravery of our fellow ancestors who fought to give us the complete freedom that we live with today. Yes, safety is aShow MoreRelatedThe American Dream Is The Right Of Freedom1984 Words   |  8 PagesWell the American is a hell of a dream... I m sure it has something to do with the declaration of independence. The American dream is the right of freedom in all ways. You can believe in any kind of god you want. And you have the same rights as any other person. He belief that anyone, regardless of where they were born or what class they were born into, can attain their own version of success in a society where upward mobility is possible for everyone. The American dream is achieved through sacrificeRead MoreDemocracy, Freedom, And The American Dream910 Words   |  4 Pages Democracy is the standard in which America represents the ultimate achievement. When people think of the United States of America they think of democracy, freedom, and the American Dream. Democracy is allowing the people to express what they think and decide how they want to live. The power of the people is voiced ,when as a collective group, they decide what the next course of action should be. This is how I define Democracy. Everyone has the choice to partake in a democracy each and everyRead MoreDemocracy, Freedom, And The American Dream860 Words   |  4 Pages Democracy and America go hand in hand, with a healthy dose of persuasion .When people think of the United States of America, they think of democracy, freedom, and the American Dream. Democracy allows people to decide what they think is best by polling a certain group of people and having them decide what should be the next course of action. Everyone partakes in a democracy each and every day (at least in America). It’s what America was founded on hundreds of years ago (I added that last part bcRead MoreA False Image Of Freedom : The American Dream1515 Words   |  7 PagesA False Image of Freedom: The American Dream The American Dream has been a beacon of hope for people in the US for decades now, and has inspired them to seek a lifestyle that excels their current one. However, this idealistic belief possesses a biased and dishonest nature that is undetectable to those blinded by this idea . F. Scott Fitzgerald, through his novel The Great Gatsby, lifts the veil on this American Nightmare, and shows readers it’s true nature. Rooted directly to the Declaration ofRead More The American Dream: Life, Liberty and Freedom Essay1219 Words   |  5 PagesThe basic idea of the American Dream generally has stayed the same throughout time, although the majority of Americans seem to take the Dream for granted. The first settlers arrived to the New World in search of a treasure: life, liberty, and freedom. This treasure was and still is the American Dream. Now people from all over the world come to America in search of the same Dream; some even die trying. People were not as materialistic as people are now; they just wanted happiness. As time passed,Read MoreSlavery During The American Dream Of Freedom By Morgan s Book1622 Words   |  7 PagesUpon arrival settlers began building on the dream of a bi-racial settlement. A dream of people being liberated from oppression, in particular, Catholic oppression and slavery from the Spanish. Yet from the very beginning slavery was a part of the culture. What a huge contradiction! Or was it? Did slavery play a part in the American dream of freedom? Morgan’s book further explores slavery in Virginia in an attempt shed a light on the subject of freedom and slavery co-existing. Those firstRead MoreThe American Dream: Freedom, Hard Work Guarantees Success and Less Racism868 Words   |  4 Pagesfamilies still have to witness an African American get up and move to the back of a bus for a Caucasian? No, that is not the case anymore. America is a better country now. In source E it says, â€Å"The chair in Washington sat had a sun, and the question was asked, is it rising or setting?† This quote questions whether or not America is falling apart or getting better. The American Dream is an ideal that has changed over time and is achievable because of freedom, the idea that hard work guarantees successRead MoreLet America Be America Again by Langston Hughes946 Words   |  4 PagesBy Langston Hughes Theme: Freedom In his poem, let America be America again, Hughes focuses on American freedom and equality. His concern was on the socio-economic division in the American society. Relating the American declaration at independence, Hughes observes that the road to achievement of equality and freedom lost. The country has become corrupt and its leaders and businessmen are greedy. The grabbed land and gold making them wealthier during the common American citizen; the Negros, red IndiansRead More A Comparison of the Dream in Death of a Salesman, Ellis Island, and America and I1328 Words   |  6 PagesThe Dream in Death of a Salesman, Ellis Island, and America and I   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The American dream is as varied as the people who populate America. The play The Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, the poem Ellis Island by Joseph Bruchac, and the poem America and I by Anzia Yezierska illustrate different perspectives of the American dream. All three authors show some lines of thought on what the freedom inherent in the American dream means. The authors clarify distinct ideas on the meansRead MoreThe American Dream996 Words   |  4 PagesMy definition of American Dream If we ask most Americans what is the American Dream? the common answers are to become successful, rich, owning houses, cars and etc. In other countries, many people see America as a land of opportunities for a better life and that is the reason why they come here. Every individual who come to America have their goals or dreams that they want to fulfill in life that they can not fulfill in their own country. In another word, their American dream are to have better

Can Income Inequality be Solved - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 810 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category Finance Essay Level High school Tags: Income Inequality Essay Did you like this example? Income inequality is the unequal distribution of household or individual income across the various participants in an economy. It is often presented as the percentage of income related to a percentage of the population. It is an inequality based on the economy. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Can Income Inequality be Solved?" essay for you Create order Income inequality is one of the reasons why the gap between rich and poor in America is growing. There are many reasons for income inequality such as education, technology lower economic growth, one sector dominance, and capitalism. Most of the families with single householder have to work overtime to run their family because of low wages. With income inequality not only lower-class are being hurt, its middle class too with low wages. However, If this problem does not get solved then the demand of job will grow to pay for expenses. Therefore, income inequality should be addressed by increasing the minimum wage, invest more money in education and stop using the robot in automobile factories. Education is one of the reasons for income inequality in the United States. Education is the key to success. It makes space for everyone to get a better job either you poor or rich it doesnt matter if you have a higher education you can get a better job. If education is available for everyone then, people can do well-paying jobs that can reduce income inequality. If the government makes more fund for education and make it free. So, everyone can get access to higher education. Therefore, it can be one of the ways to stop income inequality. The countries that have done a better job increasing their educational attainments like Canada and Sweden, have also seen bigger broad-based income gains than the United States. ( David Leonhardt ). Which means that Canada and Sweden are mostly focusing on educating its a citizen so they can balance income inequality by offering better wages. For every challenge, we are face unemployment, poverty, crime, income growth, income inequality, productiv ity, competitiveness a great education is a major component of the solution. ( Bruce Rauner). In this quote, the author is saying that education is the major component to solve the income inequality. Which is why the United States should focus on making its educational system better in order to reduce income inequality. Technology has played a huge role in income inequality. Technology has caused associations like travel organizations, bank employees and different types of center administration to close somewhere near conveying a progressively advantageous approach to utilize those administrations. For example, robotization of assembling items has diminished openings for work, say producing a vehicle was finished by human turns before, however now because of the assistance of technology, the work has been done quicker and with less labor. The hourly wage of a robot such as Baxter has been reported to be around the US $4.32 per hour, less than the average hourly wage of US $23.32 paid to humans in US manufacturing. ( Paula Nagler ). In this quote, the author means that the wage of a robot is way cheaper than humans. Therefore, owners started using a robot instead of humans in the workplace. We should care and stop it because it is the biggest reason for income inequality. It makes the owner richer and the worker is getting poorer. Therefore if the government makes a law for every automobile companies to stop using a robot in the workplace and if they used they should pay fines and if also increase the minimum wage so, we can reduce the income inequality. On the other hand, some people claim that income inequality has been going forever. Every year, the village produced the same amount of goods for the same number of people to divide. (David Leonhardt). In this quote, the author means that every year people are making the same amount of goods. So, they will never get better goods and cant help to stop the income inequality. The people who make more money they make more goods. And the poor people not getting enough goods to increase their investments and cant make more money. Therefore, the poor are getting more poor and rich getting richer. This is started happening in the US after the great depression and it is still happening. So, they think income inequality has been going forever it wont be solved. In conclusion, from research and article research we can say income inequality is a phenomenon that is running forever and will continue running in the future. But if we take actions and work together to stop the reason for income inequality. We can solve it. And we must do it because income inequality makes lacker social mobility, shrinking middle class, living standards and it also bad for our economy because the less tax government get from us the less money goes on education, healthcare, etc. Therefore, we should work together and save our country from income inequality.

1 Malaysia Free Essays

A very good afternoon to the honor judges, Ms Linda and Ms Joane, all my friends and the fellow audience, and especially the organizer of this public speaking competition. My name is Chin Kar Mei, from DHT. Well! This is my pleasure for having a chance to present my speech at this stage. We will write a custom essay sample on 1 Malaysia or any similar topic only for you Order Now I am here seeking for your attention; my topic is about ? ExcellentCulture in Malaysia.? Hopefully all of you will enjoy for it. Ladies and gentlemen: First and foremost, our 6th Prime Minister, Dato ¶ Seri Najib Razak used to say, ? OneMalaysia should be existed today onwards?. Dato ¶ Seri continued saying that, ? This is the best solution for restructuring our society during the outbreak of a global recession?. What does it mean by One Malaysia concept? One Malaysia concept consists of 8 values. They are culture of excellence, perseverance, humility, acceptance, loyalty, meritocracy, education and the last one, integrity. All of these are prime conditions to reach 1Malaysia. This concept is neither too hard nor too easy to be achieved. Since Malaysia is being developed, current Prime Minister espoused 1Malaysia concept and it is purposely takes into considerations the interests and aspirations of all communities in moving country forward. Ladies and gentlemen: Malaysia is a multi-racial community. For instance, Malays, Chinese, Indians, Iban, Kadazan and so on. Every Malaysian should understand and tolerate among each other in order to create a harmony place. There is a good example, understanding Islam among Muslims and non-Muslims. Non-Muslims cannot take alcoholic beverages, cannot take pork product and so forth. There is another situation, still could remember, when I was working in hotel last time. I have realized that there was several gangs in my department. They are Malays, Chinese and Indians gang. They were arguing among each other every time just because of small, little things. They were never ever tolerating among themselves. Until once upon a time, there was a severe mistake done by someone else. And because of this, warning letter will be given to everyone unless we able to find out the solution. Therefore, all the 3 gangs finally discussed together regardless the races and we really found the best solution. How to cite 1 Malaysia, Essay examples

Practice of Frishco Human Resource Department

Questions: 1. Analyse the different ways or methods in which Frishcos HR department engages its employees.2. Critically discuss the potential consequences of an organisations inability in addressing employee engagement issues including how it would affect their motivation.3. Evaluate which methods you feel would create the most impact in achieving the highest level of employee engagement within Frishco. Answers: Introduction Frishco is a recognised brand all over the world. Its reputation is instilled through its brand value. This company is operating over 160 years. Recently Quebec Holdings has acquired Frishco. Employees of this company are vital to them. The employees interact with the stakeholders in order to run day-to-day business. This company has identified the importance of employees in achieving success of the business. The Human Resource Department of this company has played important role in managing the employees. They recruit the workers; train them to adjust in the organizational culture. HR department also monitor the performance and offer opportunities to the employees in order to develop their career in the existing company. A business is said to be benefitted by involving the employees in the decision making process. This is known as employee participation and engagement (Crawford et al. 2014). In this report, the task is to analyse the different methods of Frishco in which it engages its employees. It will also discuss consequences if an organization is unable to engage its employees. In addition to this, the paper will evaluate which methods can create major impact in achieving high employee engagement level. 1: Different Methods of Engagement of Labours: In order to reduce the employee turnover rate, the first way is to find out the employees perception about the working at Frishco. Hence, the company has conducted an employee survey. By making the organizational structure flatter, i.e. by reducing too many levels of hierarchy, Frishco has made its employees taking more responsibilities. This has enabled the job enrichment. Moreover, by offering opportunities to an employee to take responsibility will increase their job satisfaction. Creating business vision is another approach of engaging the employers to achieve some certain goals. Change in the leadership approach can also increase the employee engagement. When the senior management creates vision, the ground level employees actually undertake leadership responsibility. Hence, role of leadership transforms from top level to personal level and everyone is engaged with accomplishing the vision. Frishco informs its employees about day-to-day operational plans that directly affect their work. Improved communication of this company will enable the employers to know the strategies of the firm. Through proper communication, employees will be aware of the aims and direction of the business. Improved communication will enable them to inform management about their views regarding the adopted strategies (Hodge and Rainey 2014). This will encourage the workers of the company to take part actively. Through cultural change, the people will be engaged in a better way. Culture is considered as DNA of an organization. The engagement method of the managers and employees are: publishing internal employee magazine; conducting morning briefing; using intranet; arranging employee forum on a quarterly basis and so on. The popular and creative magazine of Frishco, named Your Frishco publishes interviews with the key people of the company that helps to communicate with the workers. The company informs the shop-floor teams about the latest sales statistics and motivates them improve their performance at morning meeting. Through sharing of information the employees can select which aspect they will focus. The HR Department of Frishco encourages the engagement of the employees and development of its employees. This involves spotting the talent who can make significant contribution to Frishco. The company recognizes the enthusiasm of an individual for a given role. Even if the employee is unsure about his/ her capability, the company nudges that person in the right direction. The experienced employees are kept engaged by mentoring and coaching new or less experienced people as an advisor. The line managers encourage the employees by communicating targets and advice in order to make them taking active participation. Face-to face interaction keeps everyone active. Employees can give advice about improvements of the company and it will be more effective as communication is of one-to-one basis. Employees engagement will enable the HR managers to develop their skills and modify the strategies (Bal, Kooji and De Jong 2013). Frequent communication between managers and employees and involving w orkers into the decision making process, increases the involvement of the workers. The companys HR department can ensure effective engagement of the workers by committing to look after their well-being. Frishco ensures co-operation among the top level managers and ground-level staffs. This effective association and co-ordination encourages the workers at all level to contribute in the growth process of the company. Allowing workers to approach the senior managers and providing their feedback is amajor component that keep all workers engaged in the business activity (Hodge and Rainey 2014). Employee forum of Frishco enables the employees to present issues to modify the strategy. They are also encouraged to participate by offering schemes like Bright Idea for sharing innovative ideas to improve the overall performance of the company. The HR policies and practices are also made clear to the workers so that they can understood the culture of the company and act accordingly. The HR policies must be accessible.HR department of Frishco must offer fair pay to motivate the workers, along with other benefits. This company avoids dissatisfaction of the workers through offering like pay structure with performance benefits; company retaining policy; interpersonal relationship and providing job security. These are hygiene factors according to the Herzbergs. Frishco also motivates its workers by giving them proper recognition and awarding their work. Since it involves its workers, it imposes responsibility on them. These are motivational factors of Herlzberg (Yusoff, Kian and Idris 2013) .The relationship with the workers, managers are strong, and they communicate while sharing their views and thoughts. The interpersonal relationship is thus strong. Hence, according to the Maslows hierarchical need, the workers are motivated due to the love and belongingness (Pinder 2014). The HR mangers of the company have planned to offer performance based pay structure and high rate of bonuses. It is expected that the high pay will improve performance; high effort will lead to higher outcome of the company (Miner 2015). This follows Vrooms expectancy theory. 2: Consequences of Labour Disengagement Autocratic leadership approach may lead to disengagement of the labours. Since, the leaders order the employees regarding what to do; the employees do not get the opportunity to share their views. Due to this, the firm will remain unaware of the circumstances of the market, which will in turn hinder the continuous improvement process of the company. Therefore, autocratic approach leads to disengagement of the labour in the business. The employees are often not engaged in the sensitive decision- making by the top management. Negligence of workers and asking any feedback might also lead to disengagement of the workers (Hackman and Johnson 2013). The unclear and inconsistent policy of the HR department may also reduce the engagement of the employees. Disengagement arises due to the unclear and confused communication. This is because; when the communication between the managers and employees is not effective and workers hesitate to approach the senior managers; information gap takes plac e. The employees feel nothing good about the company as they are demoralized and put less effort into the work. The first consequence of inability of an organization to engage its people is high employee turnover rate. Employee disengagement leads to high rate of labour turnover. High turnover rate has enormous cost to the company. This is because; firm spends huge on recruitment process. Even after recruitment, it provides training for some period, which involves huge money as well as time. If workers are not engaged in the process, then overall performance will not be improved and investment made on workers in terms of training and wage, all will be in vain (Menguc et al. 2013). In fact, it may lose huge amount that will hamper the revenue of the firm as output will be decreased. Disengagement of the employee will kill morale of the employee and they will be reluctant to perform to contribute to the company. If employees are not engaged in the decision making process and if their feedback is not addressed properly, they will lose loyalty towards the company. If employees are not bothered about the performance of the company, then there will be gap between the employees experience and customers experience. Employees will offer high quality of services and focuses on increasing the customers loyalty only if they are satisfied and their views regarding the customers services are valued and acknowledged (Anitha 2014). If the engagement of the workers of a company is less then they will not give proper feedback and firm will fail to understand the requirement of the customers. The firm may also lose client or client may get affected due to the dissatisfaction of the employees. They do not invest time and effort in improving the customers satisfaction; as a result of this the companys reputation gets hampered. Disengaged employees have more absenteeism as they have no motivation to work. Due to their disengagement, these workers come late to the office; affecting the work-culture adversely. Their disengagement not only creates dissatisfaction but undermine the productivity of the engaged employees (Mowday, Porter and Steers 2013).Disengaged workers not only develop negative feeling but also have health problems due to anxieties and depression. The demotivated workers also influence the engaged workers by transferring negative emotions. These people also, feel unwilling to advocate the management about its product and services. They are also less innovative and less creative. Due to disengagement of the workers, unethical behaviours take place within the company (Moore et al. 2012). Disengagement of employees also has social consequences, for example, existing disengaged workers occupy the job position in the company that could have been offered to some enthusiastic labour who will make con tribution to the company. However, dissatisfied workers often leave the job and this might also cause unemployment in the company (Mone and London 2014). 3: Most Efficient Methods of Employee Engagement Involving the ground level employees in undertaking the leadership responsibility and through improving the communication between the employees and the senior management, Frishco created significant impact in achieving the employee engagement. Managers of higher hierarchy level are not directly connected to the daily business activities and do not deal with the customers directly. Moreover, even if the senior managers lead the strategies, the lower level workers execute them. Therefore, their role in executing and implementing the plan will encourage them to participate effectively (Breevaart et al. 2014). This will generate a feeling of gratitude of the workers towards the company, which will make them to take more part in the business process. Democratic leadership implies that before making a decision, employees feedback will be considered. This improves the morale of the workers and they will be engaged more. By transferring responsibility to every worker, the leadership responsi bility is also shifted to all levels of employees. With more responsibilities, workers will remain engage in their respective role and there will be no scope for disengagement of workers (Truss et al. 2013). The workers are motivated in Frishco as this company values the feedback of the employees and considers their ideas regarding the strategic plan. This also motivates them and they put more effort in order to contribute to the production of the company. Improving communication is another crucial tool for achieving the employee engagement. Communication keep workers updated bout the day-to-day operations and managers about the performance of the workers (Mishra, Boynton and Mishra 2014). Monitoring through effective communication will encourage the workers engaged in business activity. This is mainly because; he or she might be asked about their effort on a daily basis report. Magazine of the company enables the key people of the firm to send messages to the all workers. This communication approach motivates the workers. Improved communication also enables the employees to be focused on single aspect where they are to put effort. Through improved communication, workers can directly approach to the higher authority to provide them feedback. Moreover, Frishco also rewards unique ideas of the workers. This has encouraged the employees to take part in the decision making process. Conclusion The report is presented base on a given case-study of Frishco. Frishco prefers to involve the employees in the decision making process. In the above discussion, the methods adopted by the company in order to keep its employees engaged have been illustrated. The paper also critically discusses the potential consequences of disengagement of labours. In this report, it is also evaluated the most effective methods to achieve high engagement of labours. It can be concluded that, the HR department of this company has adopted many approaches to keep the workers active in work. They have taken several steps to motivate the employees so that they take active participation in the decision making process. From the discussion, it can be also concluded that disengagement of labours hinders the overall performance of the company. Disengagement increases employee dissatisfaction and thus rising labour turnover rate. Company loses its customers due to demotivated workers at service. It has been eval uated that, changing leadership and improved communication can engage the workers successfully, as employees morale increase when the top management is considering their views and feedbacks. References Anitha, J., 2014. Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management. Bal, P.M., Kooij, D.T. and De Jong, S.B., 2013. How do developmental and accommodative HRM enhance employee engagement and commitment? The role of psychological contract and SOC strategies.Journal of Management Studies,50(4), pp.545-572. Breevaart, K., Bakker, A., Hetland, J., Demerouti, E., Olsen, O.K. and Espevik, R., 2014. Daily transactional and transformational leadership and daily employee engagement.Journal of occupational and organizational psychology,87(1), pp.138-157. Crawford, E.R., Rich, B.L., Buckman, B. and Bergeron, J., 2014. Employee Engagement in Theory and Practice. Hackman, M.Z. and Johnson, C.E., 2013.Leadership: A communication perspective. Waveland Press. Hodge, M. and Rainey, H.G., 2014, January. How Words Can Improve Organizational Performance: Understanding Employee Feedback Preferences. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2014, No. 1, p. 16289). Academy of Management. Menguc, B., Auh, S., Fisher, M. and Haddad, A., 2013. To be engaged or not to be engaged: The antecedents and consequences of service employee engagement.Journal of business research,66(11), pp.2163-2170. Miner, J.B., 2015. Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Mishra, K., Boynton, L. and Mishra, A., 2014. Driving Employee Engagement The Expanded Role of Internal Communications.International Journal of Business Communication,51(2), pp.183-202. Mone, E.M. and London, M., 2014.Employee engagement through effective performance management: A practical guide for managers. Routledge. Moore, C., Detert, J.R., KLEBE TREVIO, L.I.N.D.A., Baker, V.L. and Mayer, D.M., 2012. Why employees do bad things: Moral disengagement and unethical organizational behavior.Personnel Psychology,65(1), pp.1-48. Mowday, R.T., Porter, L.W. and Steers, R.M., 2013.Employeeorganization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. Academic press. Pinder, C.C., 2014. Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Truss, C., Shantz, A., Soane, E., Alfes, K. and Delbridge, R., 2013. Employee engagement, organisational performance and individual well-being: exploring the evidence, developing the theory.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,24(14), pp.2657-2669. Yusoff, W.F.W., Kian, T.S. and Idris, M.T.M., 2013. Herzbergs Two Factors Theory On Work Motivation: Does Its Work For Todays Environment. Global journal of commerce and Management, 2(5), pp.18-22.

Unless We Accept The Claim That Lenins Coup Detat Gave Birth Essays

"Unless we accept the claim that Lenin's coup d'etat gave birth to an entirely new state, and indeed to a new era in the history of mankind, we must recognize in today's Soviet Union the old empire of the Russians -- the only empire that survived into the mid 1980's" (Luttwak, 1). In their Communist Manifesto of 1848, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels applied the term communism to a final stage of socialism in which all class differences would disappear and humankind would live in harmony. Marx and Engels claimed to have discovered a scientific approach to socialism based on the laws of history. They declared that the course of history was determined by the clash of opposing forces rooted in the economic system and the ownership of property. Just as the feudal system had given way to capitalism, so in time capitalism would give way to socialism. The class struggle of the future would be between the bourgeoisie, who were the capitalist employers, and the proletariat, who were the workers. The struggle would end, according to Marx, in the socialist revolution and the attainment of full communism (Groiler's Encyclopedia). Socialism, of which "Marxism-Leninism" is a takeoff, originated in the West. Designed in France and Germany, it was brought into Russia in the middle of the nineteenth century and promptly attracted support among the country's educated, public-minded elite, who at that time were called intelligentsia (Pipes, 21). After Revolution broke out over Europe in 1848 the modern working class appeared on the scene as a major historical force. However, Russia remained out of the changes that Europe was experiencing. As a socialist movement and inclination, the Russian Social-Democratic Party continued the traditions of all the Russian Revolutions of the past, with the goal of conquering political freedom (Daniels 7). As early as 1894, when he was twenty-four, Lenin had become a revolutionary agitator and a convinced Marxist. He exhibited his new faith and his polemical talents in a diatribe of that year against the peasant-oriented socialism of the Populists led by N.K. Mikhiaiovsky (Wren, 3). While Marxism had been winning adherents among the Russian revolutionary intelligentsia for more than a decade previously, a claimed Marxist party was bit organized until 1898. In that year a"congress" of nine men met at Minsk to proclaim the establishment of the Russian Social Democratic Worker's Party. The Manifesto issued in the name of the congress after the police broke it up was drawn up by the economist Peter Struve, a member of the moderate "legal Marxist" group who soon afterward left the Marxist movement altogether. The manifesto is indicative of the way Marxism was applied to Russian conditions, and of the special role for the proletariat (Pipes, 11). The first true congress of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party was the Second. It convened in Brussels in the summer of 1903, but was forced by the interference of the Belgian authorities to move to London, where the proceedings were concluded. The Second Congress was the occasion for bitter wrangling among the representatives of various Russian Marxist Factions, and ended in a deep split that was mainly caused by Lenin -- his personality, his drive for power in the movement, and his "hard" philosophy of the disciplined party organization. At the close of the congress Lenin commanded a temporary majority for his faction and seized upon the label "Bolshevik" (Russian for Majority), while his opponents who inclined to the "soft" or more democratic position became known as the "Mensheviks" or minority (Daniels, 19). Though born only in 1879, Trotsky had gained a leading place among the Russian Social-Democrats by the time of the Second party Congress in 1903. He represented ultra-radical sentiment that could not reconcile itself to Lenin's stress on the party organization. Trotsky stayed with the Menshevik faction until he joined Lenin in 1917. From that point on, he acomidated himself in large measure to Lenin's philosophy of party dictatorship, but his reservations came to the surface again in the years after his fall from power (Stoessinger, 13). In the months after the Second Congress of the Social Democratic Party Lenin lost his majority and began organizing a rebellious group of Bolsheviks. This was to be in opposition of the new majority of the congress, the Menshiviks, led by Trotsky. Twenty-two Bolsheviks, including Lenin, met in Geneva in August of 1904 to promote the idea of the highly disciplined party and to urge the reorganization of the whole Social-Democratic movement on Leninist lines (Stoessinger, 33). The differences between Lenin and the Bogdanov group of revolutionary romantics came to its peak in 1909. Lenin denounced the otzovists, also known

Unmarried Women Are More Politically Liberal. Heres Why.

Unmarried Women Are More Politically Liberal. Heres Why. Theres long been evidence that unmarried women are more politically liberal than married ones, but theres never been a good explanation for why this is the case. Now there is. Sociologist Kelsy Kretschmer of Oregon State University (OSU) found that women who are not married tend to be more concerned about the social status of women as a group, which makes them more politically liberal and likely to vote Democrat than married women. Kretschmer told the American Sociological Association (ASA), Over 67 percent of never married women and 66 percent of divorced women perceive what happens to other women as having some or a lot to do with what happens in their own lives. Only 56.5 percent of married women hold the same views. Kretschmer presented the study, coauthored with OSU political scientist Christopher Stout and sociologist Leah Ruppanner of the University of Melbourne, at the August 2015 meeting of the ASA in Chicago. There, she explained that women who are not married are more likely to have a strong sense of linked fate, which is the belief that what happens in their own lives is connected to the social status of women as a group in society. This means they are more likely to believe that gender inequalitymanifested for instance in the gender pay gap, the gender wealth gap, and discrimination in education and the work placehas a significant impact on their own life chances. To conduct the study, the researchers drew from the 2010 American National Election Study and included data from women respondents 18 years and older, who they sorted as married, never married, divorced, or widowed. Using this data, they  found that a sense of linked fate has a significant impact on ones political orientation and behavior. Using statistical analysis the researchers were able to rule out income, employment, children, and views on gender roles and discrimination as factors that explain away the gap in political preference between married and unmarried women. A sense of linked fate is in fact the decisive variable. Kretschmer told the ASA that women with a sense of gendered linked fate, who tend to be unmarried, think in terms of what will benefit women as a group. This means that they are likely to support candidates who promote, and political measures for, things like wage equality, workplace protections for pregnancy and maternity leave, anti-domestic violence laws, and welfare expansion. Kretschmer and her colleagues were motivated to do this study because the concept of linked fate has been used by other sociologists to help explain why strong racialized voting patterns exist among Blacks and Latinos in the U.S., but not among other racial groups. The concept had never been used to examine political behavior among women, which is what makes the study and its results notable and important. The study also revealed that women who have never been married are more likely than those who are married to believe that is important to have women politicians, and that  married and widowed women demonstrated the same degrees of linked fate. The researchers pointed out that widowed women are likely to still be engaged in the marriage institution via things like a husbands pension or social security, so they tend to think and act more like women who are married than those who are not (never been, or divorced). While notable, its important to recognize that this study demonstrations a correlation between marriage status and a sense of linked fate, and not causation. At this point it is impossible to say whether linked fate influences whether or not a woman will get married, or if getting married can reduce or eliminate it. Its possible that future research will shed light on this, but what we can conclude, sociologically speaking, is that cultivating a sense of linked fate among women is necessary to making political and social change that advances equality.

The Distinctive Features Of Jesus' Image In Matthew And Luke Essay

The Distinctive Features Of Jesus' Image In Matthew And Luke - Essay Example Christ is able to lead people by giving each of them the opportunity to find personal salvation as well as to continue His good work in Israel by teaching others the truth of God: â€Å"But go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel† (Matthew 10:6). Jesus warns the Israelites that they will have the difficult task of discovering the truth of God to ordinary people. He tells them that they can be rejected, however, nothing and no one should break their faith in God and God's truth: â€Å"And fear not them which kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul: but rather fear him which is able to destroy both soul and body in hell†. Christ explains that the Jewish people can find spiritual salvation only if their souls become a fertile ground for the grain of God's truth. Otherwise, the human soul cannot find a way to God. People should be prepared for various trials and temptations on the way of their spiritual enlightenment. Christ warns people that the way to God involves the spiritual struggle with their vices and sins. This manifestation of the Jewish wisdom of Christ is inseparable from his missionary teaching. Christ focuses on the fact that only adherence to his ethical teaching can give the possibility of salvation, and thus can open a road to eternal life. In general, the essence of the Jewish wisdom of Jesus Christ implies that all people should perceive each other as if they are brothers and sisters. Integrity, honesty and mutual assistance should be the criteria of the life of Jews.

Slippery Slope and related Hypothesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Slippery Slope and related Hypothesis - Essay Example The society at large hypothesis was postulated by O.W Wilson (Delattre 69). According to him, the society at large plays a significant role in making public officers such as policemen and policewomen to participate in corruption (Delattre 70). According to the theory, when a citizen offers a gratuity to a police officer for protection he/she virtually helps in the promotion of corruption. By such an action, the citizen opens doors for the police officer to accept even bigger gratuity offers from other citizens with the unyielding being accused of crimes in spite of their innocence (Delattre 26). Police officers are often considered to belong to a special category of public officers and seem to be above the law. As such their actions, according to the masses, cannot be questioned. Taking advantage of this situation, some police officers grant the same special attention to the criminals with whom they partake in crime.   According to the structural hypothesis theory, values trickle d own from the top brass to individuals in lower ranks (Kaplan & Johnson 25). For example, officers become prone to doing certain activities by watching the activities that their seniors do. Most police officers do not start working as corrupt individuals but instead adopt the deviant behavior while in the field (Kelley 34). Given the fact that the veterans and superiors had learnt the behavior earlier, they do not hesitate to pass it on to the younger generation that comes after them.  

Design Of Perfomance Linked Reward System Business Essay

Design Of Perfomance Linked Reward System Business Essay Performance-related reward system involves rewarding employees according to their performance, or results achieved or contribution to organisations performance as individuals or as a part of a group. It involves a shift of focus from remuneration models based on the worth of jobs and employee skills to their performance. Designing a performance-linked reward system is conditioned by a variety of factors such as the nature of business, type of technology, the attitude of unions and human resource management strategies of the organisation. Therefore, no particular model can be recommended; it has to be custom-tailored. Performance-linked reward systems reduce labour cost, result in increases in real wages and motivate performance. They provide a method of absorbing cost escalation on account of pay increases and thus help in sustaining competitiveness of the organisation. It has been increasingly realised that performance-related pay, if used in isolation, may have little impact on motivation for performance. Appropriate conditions in the organisation have to be created for performance-linked reward systems to be motivationally effective. These conditions, for instance, will involve proper information, consultation, communication mechanisms, training and development of employees, developing proactive attitude and performance-oriented culture, providing non- monetary incentives and evolving an efficient performance management system and so on. Reward system cannot be seen in isolation from compensation management. Compensation management is getting increasingly integrated with business and human resource management strategy. Reward system should, therefore, be considered as an aid to better performance in a performance management system which may be integrated with the overall business plan and strategy. FORMS AND CHOICE OF PERFORMANCE LINKED REWARD SYSTEM There are several types of performance-linked reward schemes. Generally, these are designed to-share with or distribute to employees as individuals, groups or a collectivity productivity gains, profit improvement or financial results of enterprise performance. Such schemes fall into the following broad categories: Schemes based on individual or small group performance including piece rates, traditional merit pay, and sales commission. Incentive schemes which may relate pay to profits on the basis of a pre- determined formula. Bonus schemes based on contribution to productivity and profitability according to a pre-determined formula with gains sometimes distributed among the individual employees on the basis of merit rating. Productivity Bargaining. Employee Stock Options Plan (ESOP). Competency-based pay. 1. Merit Incentive Pay A common method which has long been in existence is pay increase or bonus payment on the basis of performance rating. The merit incentive pay scheme provides another method of recognising and rewarding differential performance. This method could particularly be suitable for office staff. The scheme essentially involves the following steps: a) The determination of result-oriented merit rating procedures, b) The identification of job factors and their relative importance, c) The formulation of a scale of reward, and d) The communication of the basis of monetary reward. Illustratively, job factors of salesman can be identified as (a) sales promotion, (b) realisation of outstandings, and (c) good-will calls, (d) after-sales service and, (e) investigation of complaints. These tasks will differ in their degree of importance. This difference can be recognised by imputing numerical values to different job factors. Hypothetically, let us assign weight values of 5, 3 and 2 respectively to the above tasks. In practice, weight values can be ascertained through job analysis. The actual merit rating score will give the percentage of basic wage or basic wage plus D.A. as incentive bonus. Given a result-oriented merit rating procedure and its objective operation in an organization, it should not be difficult to install a merit incentive pay system. This is not to minimise the difficulties that are usually encountered in operating a -merit rating system. The effectiveness of the performance appraisal system will depend on the soundness of the performance appraisal system. Sometimes merit increments and merit awards are also given in recognition of superior performance on the part of individuals. These are poor substitutes for a system of merit incentive pay because of several shortcomings. Under a system of merit increments, there is no prompt relationship between reward and effort. The quantum of reward at a point of time will be considered inadequate. Additional cost in the form of enhanced allowances is built for the company on permanent basis. Employees continue to benefit from their best performance even if it remains below standard in the future. Employees getting merit awards cannot visualise a proportionate relationship between their performance and reward. The basis of determining the quantum can not be explained to employees who are not given such awards. This may evoke jealously and friction and may thus jeopardise cooperation and goodwill. Incentive Payments Lumpsum payments such as sales commission is another traditional method. Generally, the performance and the payment of lumpsum are linked by a formula. Sales commission, however, does not generally consider other parameters of performance such as realisation of outstandings and selling high profit margin products. Another traditional method of rewarding performance is piece rates. There are several weaknesses in this system. It is not easy to agree with workers on the standard output required. Frequent changes may be needed in the standard output due to technology changes and this may lead to conflict between unions and management. Also factors other than individual performance such as change in work method affect output. Conflicts may also arise between different work groups when one group is dependent on another. There is a potential for conflict when norms have to be revised because of such factors as technology changes. Also, modernisation of technology and automation has rendered piece rates somewhat obsolete. 2. Incentive Schemes Output-based incentive scheme are appropriate where tasks are repetitive and measurable. These involve the following steps: Selecting the objectives Determining the parameters of performance in accordance with the objectives Determining the norms or base values or benchmark values for each parameter Determining performance-reward relationship Fixing the relative importance of the selected parameters, that is, their weightages Designing information and procedure formats Determining the maximum payable incentive amount (incentive opportunity) and , payment period Formulating a communication and review scheme These are, however, not suitable for high technology and service activities, which require information sharing, problem solving and team work. Productivity gain or profit sharing or employee stock options plan (ESOP) may be suitable types for such activities. 3. Group Incentive and Productivity Gain Sharing Under the productivity gain sharing schemes, productivity gains are shared in accordance to an agreed pre-determined formula. Profit sharing gives a share of profit. Sometimes, the quantum of bonus is determined on the basis of profit as well as productivity improvements according to a pre-determined benchmark value for each of them. 4. Productivity Bargaining Productivity bargaining can provide yet another method of improving productivity and linking wage increases- to such improvements. Productivity bargaining, however, does not mean an incentive scheme or wage increases in return for assurances and promises from unions for achieving production targets. This method implies (a) a detailed analysis of the firms operations, (b) the identification of cost reduction possibilities, (c) estimation of savings in cost, and (d) the development of a system o indexing wage increases with cost reductions actually realised over time. The climate for productivity bargaining has never been more favourable than now. It is for managements to take initiative and build this approach in their collective bargaining relationship with Unions. 5. Long-Term Incentive (ESOP) Long-term incentive in the form of employee stock options schemes are operated both to improve long-term incentive and to reduce fixed cost. ESOP envisages employee participation in and ownership of a companys equity. This plan is intended to provide an incentive to the employees to improve the all- round performance and growth of the company and share its prosperity. The plan usually involves allotment of equity shares according to a laid down procedure and subject to governmental regulations, laws and rules. The employees benefit in the form of enhanced market value of his shares and capital gains, which in turn depend on companys and employee performance. Several software and high-tech organisations such as Infosys have conceived and designed such plans. 6. Competency-based Pay The competency is a critical determinant of performance. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in offering monetary incentive for acquiring competencies required for higher performance on the present job or for the next job. Such competency may for instance include values, attitude and behavioural characteristics which influence performance. In designing a performance linked reward scheme, choice of an appropriate scheme should be considered as critical. The choice will be determined by a variety of factors such as the nature of the organisation, the nature of technology, the nature of profits, the nature of markets, the human resource strategy and business objectives. STEPS IN DESIGNING There is a variety of forms of performance-linked schemes. These must be closely adapted to the particular conditions of individual enterprises and the concerned groups of companies. In designing a custom-tailored performance-linked reward scheme, the following steps are important: 1. Custom-Tailored There is little scope for relying on model or standardized schemes. Attempts to impose specific performance-linked reward systems through central regulations generally appear to fail. Frequently the appropriateness of what is being required may appear questionable from the perspective of individual enterprises. Therefore, care must be taken in adapting such schemes to the particularities of individual enterprises. 2. Objectives The objectives of the schemes need to be carefully formulated. Such objectives are needed to guide the selection of performance measures, the specification of bonus calculation formulae and the reaching of common understanding on the size of bonuses that may be expected through the schemes. The potential for performance improvement may vary greatly from one enterprise to another, as well as with the passage of time. Both the short and long run objectives for the scheme should be identified. 3. Selection of Performance Measures The selection of performance measures must be consistent with the scheme objectives; these must encourage those types of behaviour considered important for organizational performance such as increasing output, reducing labour and other costs, improving quality or timeliness of delivery, encouraging co-operation amongst work groups, enhancing adaptability and innovations, etc. In addition, they must not be pursued at the expense of other performance parameters. At the same time, the measures of performance selected should, to a large extent, be under employee control, and not influenced by external influences. Employees will be demotivated if their best efforts are offset by factors they cannot control. The unit, the performance of which is measured, should be small enough to ensure that workers can see some relation between their efforts and rewards. To ensure motivational effectiveness, the measures of performance should also be easily understood by the workers concerned, subject to ready verification if suspicions arise, and be calculable at frequent intervals. 4. Basis Depending on circumstances, performance awards may be determined on the basis of improvements over the previous year, improvements over a base period performance, or the maintenance of a high level of performance. Bonuses which become exceptionally large should be integrated into basic wages in order to avoid distortions in pay structures. Where necessary, it may be advisable to resort to procedures for stabilising bonuses of lengthening the period over which performance is calculated. 5. External Influences To the extent possible, the initial agreement establishing the scheme should specify how target performance levels are to be dealt with when their achievement is affected by external influences such as changes in. production methods, product mix and prices of inputs and outputs. 6. Distribution The rule for the distribution of bonuses amongst workers should be simple and widely supported. It may be based on wage rates or average earnings. Also, to discourage excessive absenteeism, bonus is sometimes varied with the number of hours or days worked. However, distributions in accordance with assessments of individual worker performance by supervisors may be problematic, especially if such assessments lead to significant variation in pay. 7. Equity There should be equal opportunities to earn bonuses, even though the performance measures may vary. In addition, performance targets should be set after a careful scrutiny of the historical behaviour of the measures selected. The quantum of bonus should be significant enough to evoke extra efforts. At the same time performance awards should not be so large as to put at risk a significant part of employee earnings for reasons beyond their control. 8. Safeguards Such schemes should not be substituted for wage increases that otherwise would have been granted or replace fixed wages with variable wages. Performance pay should supplement rather than replace existing wage bargaining arrangements and should not question the need to maintain basic wages at adequate levels. Perhaps of even greater importance in some contexts may be the need to give assurances to existing employees that productivity improvements would not place jobs in jeopardy. 9. Involvement and Communication Such schemes must be perceived as acting in the interest of employees as well as employers. Accordingly such schemes must be implemented in ways that convince employees that they will receive a fair share of the benefits derived from their extra efforts and their jobs will not be threatened. Schemes based on collective performance work more effectively when the scheme objectives and operation are explained in detail to all the employees concerned. The success of schemes depends to a large extent on the amount of effort given by management to consultation at various stages in the planning and design of the scheme, in the process of implementation and monitoring of results. In addition, the schemes have a better chance of success if employees are provided with full opportunities to present their ideas for bringing about improvement. Performance- linked schemes function most effectively when they are accompanied by a formal participative system that facilitates: (a) the transformation of agreed practical suggestions into actual changes in operating methods and procedures; (b) two-way communications at all levels on operating difficulties and general business trends. 10. Union Participation in the Design Performance reward schemes may work most effectively when worker representatives are given full opportunity to participate in their design and administration. Such involvement may facilitate comprehension and acceptance of scheme objectives. Moreover, workers may only fully trust the scheme if it has been elaborated in consultation and agreement with worker representatives and they are subsequently given opportunities to verify that awards is being calculated fairly. Also, the commonality of interests of workers and employers in improved productivity, performance, earnings and equity is likely to be much more apparent where pay systems are developed and elaborated in accordance with rules established through collective bargaining. 11. Review There should be a clear provision for modifications owing to changes in production methods or in prices or inputs or outputs. The effectiveness of all pay systems decays with time and the duration of schemes based on collective measures of performance are particularly short. Accordingly it should be foreseen that the basic parameters of such schemes would undergo regular periodic revisions. Indeed it should be expected from the outset that the collective performance measures and targets would undergo continuing change every few years in the light of the experience. ISSUES AND TRENDS There are many issues and trends occur in linking performance with reward system which are as follows:- 1. Level of Education The level of education of the employees, among other factors, will determine what type of scheme is likely to be easily understood by them and will motivate them. The nature of the business and the operations will also influence. Organisations in low cost manufacturing or which promote innovation, skills and higher performance or which are in service industries may need to consider different forms of performance pay. Their business and human resource management strategy will differ; the form and content as well as objectives of performance pay should be consistent with them. 2. Trade Union The chance of success of performance-linked pay will depend on the tradition of collective bargaining and attitudes of unions. While the negative attitudes hinder its introduction, the positive attitude considerably facilitates it 3. Organisational Culture Performance pay gives better results in organisations characterised by employee involvement and team spirit. A pro-active culture in the organisation is found to be valuable to performance and productivity. 4. Package of Monetary and Non-Monetary Incentives Performance pay is at best an element in the reward management and motivational system. Besides performance pay, it is essential to pay attention simultaneously to such aspects as re-organisation of work process, training, employee involvement and participative decision-making, opportunities to contribute ideas and knowledge, non- monetary recognition, career development and goal setting. 5. Rewarding Good Performance Rewarding good performance may include, among others, such mechanisms as cash awards, appreciation letter and certificates, training in reputed institutions, foreign travel, job enlargement and enriched roles, publicity in newsletters and membership of professional societies, etc. For higher effectiveness of performance-linked pays system, such reward mechanisms should also be used. 6. Performance Pay and Performance Management It is increasingly realised that performance is affected by a variety of factors. These factors, for instance, will include knowledge and skills which are developed through training, work attitudes and intrinsic rewards. These and other factors which affect performance are considered in the wider context of performance management and human resource management with performance pay constituting an element of it. 7. Caveats It is being increasingly realised that The performance pay systems should be designed to promote the kind of performance an organisation needs. It should, therefore, be integrated with human resource management strategy for better performance and growth of the organisation. The performance pay should underpin the organisations main values such as team work, creativity, flexibility and quality. The system should provide an impetus to and support the behaviour expected of the employees. Therefore, it must communicate to employees the type of behaviour to be rewarded and the way in which it will be rewarded. The reward system should be strengthened through re-organisation of work process and enlarged job responsibilities, training, consultation, communication and participatory system. Employees should also be consulted in the formulation of the plan. The criteria for determining performance should be objective, measurable, easily understood and related to what employees can control. The quantum of performance pay should be significant enough to be motivationally effective and its distribution should be equitable. The payment of performance pay should follow the performance as soon as possible and as frequently as possible. The performance level should be achievable; otherwise it will have a demoralising effect. The quantum of pay should be sufficiently flexible to absorb downturn and adequately reward when performance is good; it should also safeguard the minimum remuneration for the value of the job. QUESTIONS Q1. Explain what is performance-linked reward system? Q2. What are the various ways in which performance can be linked to reward system? Q3. In designing a performance-linked reward system, what considerations will you take into account? Q4.List out the various steps involved in designing a performance-linked reward system. Give an example. Q5. Examine the current issues and trends in linking performance with reward system.

Ethical Issues in Marketing

TABLE OF CONTENT S. NO| Particulars| Page no| 1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY| 5| 2. | INTRODUCTIONETHICAL ISSUES IN MARKETING| 6| 3. | FAMOUS CASES(UNETHICAL MARKETING PRACTICES)| 9| 4. | PRIMARY STUDY| 12| 5. | REPRESENTATION OF DATA| 13| 6. | INTERPRETETION| 23| 7. | RECCOMENDATION| 24| EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report outlines the concept of ethics in marketing and the famous cases that have emerged in the past regarding unethical marketing practices by businesses. hrough this report we have also tried to find out how sensitive are the common people to the issue of ethics in advertisements and how do they perceive the contents shown in the advertisements nowdays. For this purpose we had conducted a study amonga sample of 50 students of age group 20 to 24 yrs. The research tool used in the study was that of a questionnaire. The study reveals that while most of the people are sensitive to the issue of unethical advertisements, there are also a few who believe that nothing much can be done in t his respect and are a little ignorant towards such issues. They have been and will continue purchasing a brand even after perceiving its advertisement as unethical. Our recommendations to the companies that deal in such practices is that they should thrive to stick to their ethics and moral value and instead should concentrate on providing their customers with such services and products that will add value to them and their lives. MARKETING AND ETHICS Marketing industry is a very broad industry and also one of the core business functions that every business enterprise practices in order to effectively cater to the needs of the customers. arketing leaders thrive to create the look and feel of a brand and to make strategies to engage and inform customers about the same. for this purpose the marketers are today using print ,electronic and social media as their vehicles,as these mediums are pervasive and their powerful forces shape attitudes and behavior in today's world. The reason for this is the tremendous growth and development in the field of   Information and Communication technologies. If yesterday it was television that revolutionized the way advertisements could create a lasting impact on the consumer, then today the internet and phone text messages are doing just the same. also , Rapid economic expansions in countries like China and India have meant that marketers have to quickly respond to the changing socio-economic scenarios. But at the same time these developments have given rise to a number of ethical issues. the globe is indeed becoming a smaller place but the marketers have to bear in mind national, local and cultural sensitivities. Very often, in the hope of capturing a large share , marketers jump in new markets without keeping in mind ethnic and social issues associated to certain areas. marketers today ignore and exploit the social sentiments and factors of the customer groups ,in order to maximise their profits and make fast bucks. this leads them to engage in unethical marketing practices. unethical marketing decisions can be made in following marketing areas: * Supply chain * Advertising * Pricing * Product Supply chain: Only being an ethical company is not sufficient. These days, leading brands are judged by the company they keep. Consumers, investors, business partners, regulators, and media organizations now expect a company and its entire supply chain to be ethical. every company is a part of a supply chain since almost every company buys unfinished inputs provided by many other companies before refining them and passing the finished goods to the consumers. Supply-chain management is a strategic issue. It has an effect on a company's brand and it now concerns managers and board members. Excellent companies are the most ethical in their practices . Excellent companies lead on best practices. A business is said to be having an unethical supply chain if any of the elements of its supply chain ie suppliers/contractors/distributers/sales agents are practising unethical practices like, use of child labour or forced labour, production in sweatshops, violation of basic rights of workers, ignoring health safety and environmental standards. Advertising: Advertising is the most important tool for marketers to promote their products and to make the consumers aware about the same. Advertisements play an important role in inclining and attracting the potential customers towards the product. However nowdays advertisements are under scrutiny for being unethical. Unethical advertisements include misleading advertisements that make false claims, obscene /offensive and indecent ads that hurt religious or social sentiments of people. To sum up, some of the ethical issues in advertising are: Vulgarity/obscenity Misleading advertisements and deception Puffery Stereotype Racial issues Feature of Unethical advertisement on television has been a hot issue in the past days in our country,with the Advertising Standard Council of India receiving 777 complaints regarding 190 ads. it has been discussed later in the project and also a primary study has been conducted regarding the ethics in advertisements in our project. Pricing: Pricing is a very important part of marketing mix and is a decision of strategic nature. a company has to do sufficient amount of analysis to decide on the priceof its product. ompanies can sometime deal in unethical and even illegal pricing. Unethical pricing practices cause customers to believe that the price they pay for some unit of value in a product or service is lower than it really is. This might also include making false price comparisons, providing misleading suggested selling prices, omitting important conditions of the sale, or making very low price offers available only when other items are purchased as well. other unethical pricing stratgies include: price discrimination,price skimming,price fixing. Product: Several product-related issues raise questions about ethics in marketing, most often concerning the quality of products and services provided. Among the most frequently voiced complaints are ones about products that are unsafe, that are of poor quality in construction or content, that do not contain what is promoted, or that go out of style or become obsolete before they actually need replacing. An organization that markets poor-quality or unsafe products is taking the chance that it will develop a reputation for poor products or service. False or greatly exaggerated product or service claims are also deceptive. When packages are intentionally mislabeled as to contents, size, weight, or use information, that constitutes deceptive packaging. Selling hazardous or defective products without disclosing the dangers, failing to perform promised services, and not honoring warranty obligations are also considered deception. Other product related issues include animal testing and manufacturing products that harm the ecology and environment and exploit the already scarce natural resources. FAMOUS CASES LOREAL (UNETHICAL ADVERTISEMENT AND PROMOTION STRATEGY) Loreal is amongst the biggest brand names in personal care and beauty products in the world with a huge line of products and brands under its umbrella ,operating in over 130 countries around the world. However this company has been in news recently ,but for wrong reasons. The company has been time and again been accused of airbrushing its models in order to make them look fairer. The latest addition in its line of controversies is its advertisement that features indian origin actress Freida Pinto. This ad has created controversies because of the fact that the actress appears to be airbrushed as her skin tone has been lightened . Earlier same controversy of airbrushing happenend when singer Beyonce featured in one of Loreal’s ad. The company is seemingly promoting fair skin tones as compared to dark skin tones and is inculcating a sense of insecurity amongst women around the world with regard to their complexion. another case of Loreal’s criticism over fakery in its advertising is of year 2007. the company was condemned for producing ‘misleading' mascara adverts featuring Penelope Cruz. The TV and magazine advertisements claimed that women could have up to 60 per cent longer eyelashes with its Telescopic mascara. But actually it was later revealed that Cruz was wearing false eyelashes in the ads for Telescopic, and the company was forced to include disclaimers during its advertisements making such issues clear. It is for these reasons that the company is viewed by activists as the face of modern consumerism – a company that tested its cosmetics on animals, exploited the sexuality of women, and sold their products by making women feel insecure. Moreover, Nestle owned 26 percent of L'Oreal. Nestle was one of the most boycotted companies in the world for its alleged unethical business practices and aggressive promotion of baby milk in developing countries as discussed above. NIKE AND APPLE INC. (UNETHICAL SUPPLY CHAIN PRACTICE) Nike   has been accused of having a history of using  sweatshops, a sweatshop is a working environment or manufacturing centre where the working environment is considered to be dangerous and difficult because workers can be exposed to hazardous materials, harmful situations, extreme temperatures, and abuse from employers. Sweatshop  workers often work long days, sometimes exceeding 14 hours, and earn pay far below a living age. In 1990s ,Nike’s suppliers in developing countries like indonesia,china and vietnam operated sweatshops in which the workers were made to work in hazardous conditions with minimal wages. this case is an ideal example of unethical supply chain in marketing. a brand as big and famous as Nike has been associated with unethical practise in this particular field of marketing. It was unbelievable and shocking on part of the people who were its loyal customers. The company initially denied all such accusitions and then in the year 2001 a very irresponsible statement was made by Nike director Tom McKean saying that the company cannot control what goes on around the world as they do not own these factories. Another famous company involved in a similar unethical practise is Apple Inc. in the year 2010 ,one of Apple’s suppliers in china was accused of using child labor. since companies are under immense pressure to find lowest cost providers ,they end up dealing with suppliers in developing countries like china ,where such unethical practises are common. o this Steve Jobs (Apple head) said that this was not merely Apple’s problem but a world problem with regard to priorities and a lack of enforcement by local agencies in various deneloping nations. Too many companies are turning blind eye towards their suppliers and end up being associated with unethical business practices. May be this is the reason why Apple ,one of the most imag e conscious and credible company could not escape this trap. NESTLE (UNETHICAL AND IMMORAL PRODUCT ) Nestle a big name in FMCG industry ,has been involved in numerous unethical marketing practices. This company was highly criticed for its disregard for the health of infants shown by its irresponsible marketing of breast milk substitutes. it had been continously breaching the WHO code regulating the marketing of breast milk substitutes. it encouraged bottle feeding and carried on promotional and advertising activities for its baby foods by giving away free samples of baby milk to hospitals . also the company was accused of misinforming mothers and healthworkers during its promotions. It stated that malnourished mothers and mothers of twins and premature babies were unable to breastfeed ,despite health organisations claimimg that threre was no evidence to support such theory. Nestle advertised directly to mothers in over twenty countries such as thailand and south africa. Also the baby foods/milk product were sold in the market without any health warning and even instuctions on the packaging an if present they were in an inappropriate language. Thus company violated the code regulating the marketing of baby milk formulas. According to WHO bottle fed babies are up to ten times more likely to develop gastro intestinal infections. Therefore this company till date is highly criticised for its unethical practice of immoral marketing and promotion of an unethical product. Other accusitions of the company include exploitation of workers at its Brazil chocolate plant including dicrimination of women workers and supporting brutal and repressive regimes MICROSOFT (PRODUCT BUNDLING CASE) Microsoft is a large diversified computer software manufacturer with one of the highest valuations in the world. Microsoft produces the Windows family of operating systems for personal computers and servers. It also produces applications software that run on the Windows family of operating systems, most notably the very successful MS- Office Suite. Almost all Microsoft products are complementary to a member of the Windows family of operating systems for personal computers and servers. United states Vs Microsoft was a civil action filed against Microsoft Corporation by United States Department Of Justice(DOJ). The allegation on Microsoft was that it abused  monopoly  power on Intel-based personal computers. The issue central to the case was that whether Microsoft should bundle its Internet Explorer web browser software with its Microsoft Windows Operating System. Bundling IE with the operating system was considered as a victory of Microsoft in the browsers war as all the Windows users had a copy of IE which had started restricting the sales of the other web browsers such as Netscape Navigator and Opera which were slow to download or had to b purchased at a store. Microsoft said that the bundling of IE with Windows was an innovation and the result of competiton and that now both were a same product. The opposition said that IE should not b bundled with Windows as a separate version of IE was available for Mac OS. They also countered that IE was actually not free with Windows as its development and marketing costs must have increased the price of Windows than what it might actually have been. This had put up a question that whether Microsoft was unethical in bundling its product or was it an innovation. Was it right to increase the sales by almost stopping the sales of others? The strategy which Microsoft adopted was not ethical as the others were suffering because of this and had no choice left before them. Hence what Microsoft did was against the ethics of the marketplace. RESEARCH STUDY (ADVERTISEMENTS AND ETHICS) In this project we have attempted to conduct a research concerning the public's opinion about the level of ethics in advertising. Through this study we want to address the problem of the level of ethics in advertisements nowadays and what is the people’s reaction and how sensitive they are towards the issue of ethics in advertising. For the purpose of this study, questionnaires were distributed to a sample of 50 students and were asked to give their honest opinion regarding this issue. DATA REPRESENTATION Q. Do Advertisement shows an accurate view of reality? Here , 15 people strongly disagree with the situation that advertisement shows exact reality and 10 people are strongly agreeing and 10 are disagreeing with the situation which shows that every individual is having different opinion according to their thinking. Q. Do you think general television advertisements promote materialism? In this out of 50 respondents , 27 respondents think that advertisements promote materialism while other 22 people think they don’t Q. How do you view the level of ethics in general advertising? Q. Which off the following issues in general advertising would you consider being unethical ? A relatively mixed reaction is noticed in this answer. while majority believed that they perceived â€Å"lack of trust† issue in advertisement as unethical. A good lot also believed that advertisements of cigrattes and alcoholic beverages were also unethical. Q. Mention a brand name in front of the product categories mention below ? Q Would you still buy the same brand of shoes if that company is dealing in wrong practices ? For e. g. child labor 43 of sample respondents said that they will not purchase a particular brand having known that the brand deals in unethical practise. Q. Have you ever decided not to buy a product or a service due to an advertisement that you perceived as unethical? 19 respondents said they have not purchased a product having perceived its advertisement as unethical while the majority continued purchasing . Q . Is it fine to use unethical practices to increase profitability of the company? Almost all the respondents believe that it is not right for business houses to engage in unethical practices to maximise their profits. INTERPRETETION AND CONCLUSION The survey done through the distribution of questionnaires revealed following facts: The students interviewed believe that advertisements today have a very unreal appeal to them and do not promote reality while there are a few who also believe that advertisements present a true picture of the real world. The students also believe that advertisements do promote materialism but there was a mixed reaction when asked whether such promotion is ethical. However majority of the people failed to justify their answer and give valid reasons for the same. A huge number of them also think that advertisements do not promote materialism. Also people’s view regarding the level of ethics in the general advertisements was very generalised, for them ethcal level in advertisements is neither too high nor too low. As far as unethical advertisements are concerned, for a majority lot, advertisements which lack trust quotient and are highly exaggerated and misleading are the most unethical. While for others, advertisements promoting cigarettes and alcoholic beverages are also unethical . When asked to name a brand that hit their minds instantaneously corosponding to the products : shoes,deodorant,fainess cream and mobile phone, people had different brand names in their minds as their favourites (most of them being big names). In continuation of this question, respondents were asked if they would still purchase the same brand if they discovered that the brand was associated with unethical practices. To this their response was predictable as most of them refused while a few were not sure. Majority of the respondents have responded that they have decided not to buy a product ,if they have perceived its advertisement as unethical . this shows that a lot of people are sensitive to such issues and have expressed threir dissatisfaction by discontinuing their purchase. While some of the respondents were ignorant and continued purchase. On the other hand most of the respondents believe that it is not right for companies to compromise on their ethical values in order to achieve high profits. RECOMMENDATIONS Considering the high level of unethical issues that are emerging everyday, businesses need to realise that they have to find an alternate to unethical practices. They need to realise that unfair practicse may help them earn profits faster,but the profitability would not last for long . The consumers today are becoming highly aware and such issues cannot escape their knowledge. Thus it is better if companies should strive for using ethical marketing practices . they should Focus on providing good products with lots of benefits, and in this way they will be able to make their marketing honest and irresistible for the customers. They shoiuld make sure there is always an exchange of value between two parties with their marketing efforts. Business houses should keep in mind that business tactics should always be ethical. hey should be persuading a person to buy a product because they really need it, and when the companies are certain that this product will bring value into their lives. Ethical business practice is the ability to truly give somebody the power of choice, and not forcefully loading a product onto the customers, which they know in the back of their minds they will never have any use for. QUESTIONNAIRE NAME:- AGE:- Q1) Advertisement shows an accurate view of reality? a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Disagree d) Strongly disagree ) No opinion Q2) Do you think general television advertisements promote materialism? a) yes b) No c) Can’t say Q3) if yes, do you perceive it as ethical or unethical and why? Q4) How do you view the level of ethics in general advertising? a) Very high b) High c) Average d) low e) Very low Q5) Which off the following issues in general advertising would you consider being unethical ? a) creation of irrational desires , and needs b) comparative advertisement c) advertisement with lack of truth d) puffery ( increased value or attributes) e) alcoholic beverage advertisement ) cigarette and tobacco advertisement Q6) Mention a brand name in front of the product categories mention below ? a) shoes b) fairness cream c) deodrant d) mobile phone Q7) Would you still buy the same brand of shoes if that company is dealing in wrong practices ? for e. g child labour a) yes b) no c) cant say Q8) Have you ever decided not to buy a product or a service due to an advertisement that you perceived as unethical? a) yes b) no Q 9) Is it fine to use unethical practices to increase profitability of the company ? a) Yes b) No c) Can’t say