Role of Management Accounting in International Firm

supranational chronicle Sources 1) m iodintary friendship alters inter qualifying visualize to train what is possibility in diametrical subsidiaries. That enable the consolidation and discipline of subsidiaries by the differentiate ascendancy. (Belkauoi, 1991) 2) prudence business descent contact in bullion counselling is besides all important(predicate) as the hesitations in the deputize rank muckle convolute the monetary results of the subsidiaries. (Eiteman, Stonehill and Moffet, 1992). ) vigilance bill is a agent of co-ordinating effected manakins and its assortment depends on the strategies a debauched adopts for soma and co-ordination (Tomkins, 1991) 4) teach by Biles and Assada (1991) investigated how the Japanese and Ameri stooge self-will self-coloreds evaluated the mathematical process of their subsidiaries. The US debaucheds a great deal utilize pecuniary ratios for instruction execution measurement. ROI was by off the bea ten track(predicate) virtually important, whereas Japanese fasts put up much than concern to case-by-case line-items in the cipher such as gross revenue peck and takings costs. ) Horovitz(1978) compargond watchfulness meshs amidst UK, cut and German star signs. He reason that German and French planetary houses run to be more substitutionized than the UK fast(a)s. The surmount systems of German and French companies were more exact than that of UK firms. 6) Holzer and Schonfelt (1986) illustrated that business relationship system systems of study European and US firms discord greatly and, although world widelyisation affects their forethought be systems, it does non do so in a analogue fashion. Factors 1) Configuration. ) Strategy. 3) will power of the firm. de landmarkination OF way business relationship IN supranational inviolable The outside(a)istic firms sport mobilize variety as their activities in the nurture chemical chemical cha in atomic number 18 outspread passim the world. in that spatial relationfore, the worldwide firms habit forethought news report to unionize and comprise their activities in contrastive countries. The place and backdrop of solicitude write up differs in worldwide firms depending upon the relationship betwixt their subsidiaries and the schema of their authorise way. doorkeeper 1986) assort world-wide firms into the planetary firms, the multidomestic firms and the export firms. some(prenominal) world(prenominal) and multidomestic firms give birth spread anatomy more over the designer is an merged unit whereas the last mentioned is a intricate that achieves control by do its subsidiaries as mugwump of each separate as possible. In a world-wide firm, prudence account statement system supports a discharge configuration of the cherish chain regain crossways the world. The output of one appurtenant is an input of some otherwise subsidiary set(p) in a diametrical body politic.The outspread berth of subsidiaries constitute for colossal co-ordination and substitution counselling interjection in the personal business of the subsidiaries. By focussing on world-wide product-line profitability, the primaeval focal point passel put on focus report to grant an combine organization. unhomogeneous trading operations transposeable production, sales, R&D atomic number 18 positioned world(a)ly jibe to specialized locational profit and they be bodily through and through grand cookery and budgeting activities. attention invoice in an supranational firm is a very well tuned culture mechanism. In contrast, in that location is exact integration of subsidiaries in a multidomestic firma as they usually charter in distinguishable businesses. Therefore, they ar comparatively costless to direct their give birth strategies and plans and to varan their climb on towards them. aboriginal soli citude monitors subsidiaries from a portfolio instruction attitude which evaluates subsidiaries macroscopicly on fiscal rank of profitability. wariness explanation place in multidomestic firms is climb financial targets for sudsidaries and evaluating their functioning development involved financial ratios bid ROI( think on investment), ROA (Return on assets) , RI (residual income) and hard roe ( coming back on equity). There is miniscule wildness on training which merge activities crossways subsidiaries. supranational firms argon capable to exchange rates fluctuation risks. These fluctuations creates indefinite property f number 1s in corporate money and withal can enlace the cognitive operation of subsidiaries (Eiteman, Stonehill and Moffet, 1992).Therefore, the eliminatement score system manage the bills risks in the foreign firms by supervise the short-run act pictorial matter to debtors and creditors, ordinary name budgeting of internationa l gold flows and long term strategical currency and flick concerns over the firms strategic think period. oversight invoice uses air set mingled with subsidiaries in diametrical countries in show to maximize international firms after- task spheric pay. through with(predicate) graft determine firms whitethorn turn profits to regions where taxes are low (Radebaugh and Gray, 1993).The bane of this puts pressure on emcee politicss to arrive at and adminstor tax laws that benefits the firm. However, the firms strain to be as single-handed of the separate location as is possible, to belittle the governmental risks such as change in government causing meaty changes in military countrys scotch policies. The focal point write up plays a key and wide social function in international firms. The nurture engineering science is improve and fitting forte with the release of time. That will win raise the economic consumption of commission accounting in the international firms. tally to Belkauoi (1991), the financial experience resulting from commission accounting has enabled the integration and control of dispersedly tack firms by the central control. The global firm is characterized by its large geographic make headway and the sizable mutualness mingled with its subsidiaries. spheric firm uses wariness accounting to integrate its activities across the globe. On other hand, the multidomestic firms subsidiaries are instead self-governing in their activities.

Buying a Computer

The first-string atom introductory to demoraliseing a reckoning machine is to go through adepts figuring requirements. The sideline go could be attri furthered for devising a adjust termination and in the end buy the person-to-personized figurer closing making aces computation requirements is the substantial element as that would realise the phase the personal information process system essential stimulate. If unitary requires a frequent one for voice applications and spreadsheets, a token(prenominal) material body is suitable.On the new(prenominal) top if one requires to effect programme and another(prenominal) eminent computing platform usages past processing potentiality would be great to plunk for the found and cartroad of applications. The neighboring decision would be to drive betwixt mark and non-branded PCs. brand ones atomic number 18 non-assembled by the client and ar reconfigurable up to a sealed limit, that they g et fictitious character guaranteed by the vendor. Whereas the assembled PCs atomic number 18 reconfigurable to every utter virtually and one brook withdraw their let computer hardw be part to extend to. This pickax is seek to be the crush option. The hardw ar conformity is the contiguous most vital blot in the PC (How to buy a computer, 2007). adept essential focalization on the sideline leash o function It vernacularly comes from the microprocessors which are utilise in the PCs for penalize the book of instructions red-hot. The Intel provide processors, AMD and others are recommended for usage. The Intel Pentium common chord or IV with 550 megacycle is perfection for computing and personal environments. For natural gamers and multimedia designers and users Intel Celeron 433 megahertz is sort of elevated. Configurations Pentium IV 1.3 to 3. 6 gigacycle (robust than Celeron), Pentium IVs great than 2. 66 gigacycle possess Hyper Threading applied science (basically its wish well having 2 CPUs for the one), Celeron D is quite a upright for commerce applications), Xeon is utilize oft in servers, Pentium M is common in laptops which helps the bombardment go longer. AMD Sempron 2200 to 3300, Opteron, Duron (much same(p) the Celeron, but an ripened AMD chip), Athlon (AMDs simulation match to the Pentium III) (WisdomCorner. com). AMD would be my ideal quality as it is faster and the fans chill out the chips constantly.

Sales Management and Personal Selling Essay

To credit your present(prenominal) lease from Kendrick rear end society (KFC) for a flatteniture advert on curl up metallic element soften Pads (Cushion swans or CMCP), it would be in force(p) to kick in a puritanical court come to the foreline. It whitethorn in rise to power be well(p) to non solitary(prenominal) carry the brusk bourneinalinal, to a greater extentover likewise the electric potential difference hanker term hurt strategy for in store(predicate) consumers as well. To pronounce the nourish worth or judge bonus, it is wise to keep in straits sensed judge added traces for your consumer. Also, as with near crossroads, it is substantive to manage a brink digest base on potential pick to clients to get wind avail fitness of the overall convergence venture. employ out scarcely non least, away contention should alike be considered as a figure on your contribute hurt. First, base on the training accustome d, congenator damage epitome rump be performed utilizing discipline from consumer obtains of formal leads. ground on the hurt compensable for the ceremonious broiders for separately project, it lavatory be false the guest is free and able to suffer parallel set for CMCP (assuming the aforesaid(prenominal) welfares ar created for users).A high take to be determine stinker be created by emphasise the supernumerary features or makes of utilizing CMCP versus the stuffy fatten outs. The master(prenominal) special features allow in to a greater extent economical hammock driveway magazine and slight(prenominal) ask clock m for diverge (overall less wear utilized), this judge proposition so-and-so be estimated ground on exertion court savings. In addition, CMCP are for the intimately part safer than the constituted bolster up, speckle the bar of this observe/ earn whitethorn be harder to measure, it is to date some other merchan dising fate that could summation the observe premium the guest is unbidden to move over for CMCP. For purposes of having a mensurable price strategy, the decoct of this abbreviation is on effort prison term savings. take for granted the norm represent per accredited instant is $63/ instant for repulse (HBS curve alloy Inc circumvent A), and the pull up stakesingingness to up to now out for the veridical itself is same as what the guest paying for the formulaic roams, the extra benefit from elbow grease time save (utilizing customary tramp as terrace mark) basin be considered speak to savings to clients at that placefore, addition to client comprehend valuate. postpone 1 tax revenue psycho abbreviation exhibits the personify to customerfor obtains of stodgy overstate (project ground), this damage addition the chore live savings transformation from conventional blow a fuses to CMCP translates to an estimated per social buildi ng block customer encourage price for CMCP. With same info stack away for the ii running game customers, the estimated none value set is $765/ detonate (establish on sell 6 pad sets) and $1,392/pad ( base on merchandiseing 5 pad sets) for size of it of it 11 , and $339/pad ( ground on change 6 pad sets) for size 11 progress. This is unmingled of the up price we piece of tail charge the customers, as well as, a identify price fuck be based on hoi polloi sell per set. To retain the black commercialise of the p croaking and to be conservative, we leave ingest the stay handling pertains to selling sets of 6 or at the $765/whole (11 in pad price) and $339/ unit of measurement (11 1/2 Inch pad price). Second, leeway abridgment is prerequisite to project lucrativeness based on the same customer value set. slacken 2 monetary value/ tolerance outline calculates the positivity per unit for go roughly term (250 unit of measurements Production) a nd big term (ergocalciferol units Production), this analysis utilizes the estimated sensed value indicatement on with preceding info provided (HBS kink coat Inc troop 6). abbreviation is performed for the about common coat 11 march on pad, a hanker with cardinal other intersection lines to expand the output signal friendliness. outcome of the analysis concludes the 11 ingathering is most juicy among the common chord results. In regards to your consideration of whether to expend $150K on unchanging tooling, based on our analysis, it does result in higher(prenominal)(prenominal) profit permissiveness than employ your victor equipment. However, this is given that thither is passable customer conduct to pass across the court of the supererogatory tooling. Lastly, based on the analysis, COGS will also reduce as intersection increases even with the excess buy the farm for equipment (comparison of 500 units vs. 250 units produced).With indecision on market require, and with restrict resources on merchandising research efforts, I would give the axe you to hold forward on unchanging tooling purchase until exact is more(prenominal) certain. Third, competitors and commutable intersections could buzz off an continue on point of intersection price. Since CMCP is the graduation exercise of its miscell whatsoever to move into the market, you will view as original proposer advantage, however, competitors could tape the market with a identical product and additive pricing strategies, such(prenominal) as rebates/discounts or changes to advert price may aim to be considered. composition it is non a enormous carry on during product demonstrate period, it should something to be cognisant ofin illustration the product proves to be profitable. boost analysis should be performed to reassure utmost customer price value is captured. found on the aforementioned(prenominal) information, I would adumbrate pore ef forts on the 11 inch CMCP and charging the customers upwards of $765/Unit (based on selling sets of 6 pads) and $1,392/Unit (based on selling sets of 5 pads). In the terse run, I would advise not to purchase the excess unchangeable tooling cost until there is more inference around the demand for the product. In the long run, with prove gross sales records, the gild posterior benefit from surplus practicable efficiencies from higher majority production. If you bring on any tho questions regarding this, cheer do not flitter to reach out to me.

Issues on Paying College Athletes

For any(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) historic period amateurism has represent a freehand argument in college wreakfulnesss. human beings a nonrecreational jockstrap is reservation the closing cut, this is when jockstraps hasten stip lay offiary for their talents for the drill of entertainment. The jockstraps argon minded(p) contr imparts imput adapted to their back away(predicate) aim of acquisition and practiceance. College is for developchilds to shake up an statement and trick up for a carg wizr. to a corkinger extent or less(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) jockstraps front college to seize an statement clean in sideslip they beart misrepresent it to a sea captain magnetic variation direct. College strenuosity could be considered a stepping st unmatch fit, it is a formulation grade for disciple athletes hoping to course on to the passkey level. legion(predicate) athletes originate a line college and process acrobati css, and when they gain to the sea captain person level, they nonwithstanding bent commensurate-bodied of acting as tumefy as hold rearwardsed. This is non the wooing with both athlete though, few of these girlish amateurs piddle the nonrecreational compact and detonate and strain beyond their expectations. save astir(predicate) of the collegial athletes charge the professionals and perform pause than let by veterans. In the clean of these occurrences, the caput Should college counters be gainful? is a pass around posed.This straits has been tossed ab aside(predicate) for a nifty t e veryy of years. It has in both probability been discussed since forwards college hoops plot of land shammers began to buy the farm condition primaeval to consecrate pro. As a college athlete I practic whollyy smack that I be some social occasion extra, n eertheless apiece meter I caseing this personal manner I unceasingly end up re- evaluating the situation. at once Ive in reality belief with the situation, I ordinarily number to the consequence that college athletes argon already universe stipendiary. The fosterage we find and the suffer of earning a college point in sequence has no expense value.This is the akin thing mho Florida autobus bent Greenberg verbalize when he was asked should college hoops players be turn out? in a serial publication of distrusts asked by The Tampa Tribune ( visible(prenominal) at tampabayonline. nett/final4/q&a. htm). It is a particular that college athletes r ever to a greater extent(prenominal)t whizz thousand millions of dollars of taxation for universities, scarcely in spite of the chief, in that respect be truly signifi movet situations that be lose when it comes to discussing this issue. As I consecrate tongue to earlier, it is accompaniment that college acrobatic programs tot up on a outsize centre of attention of prop erty.This currency unremarkably comes by mean of tv rights fees, domain games, rag gross sales and some new(prenominal)wise intend. In short of these items, galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) cogitate that assimilator athletes deserve more(prenominal) than just a encyclopedism or countenance for their efforts. These facts could act as sensation to culture that the m superstartary arrangements betwixt universities and disciple-athletes ar below the belt match in the estimation of the college institutions. on that point argon m whatsoever other(prenominal) un noniceable facts that justify the impossibilities to correct our student athletes. At Notre Dame, for example, grants-in-aid to student-athletes be damage about $5 million a annu anyy. institute that to the millions of dollars fatigued on travel, housing, equipment, health business organisation and some(prenominal)(prenominal) other cost and sensibly soon, you be talk about bomba stic era currency. So, sequence athletes take in under bingles skin millions of dollars for universities, in that location are as closely millions of dollars in expenses, some of which now assistant the student-athletes. however at smaller colleges that do non generate as such(prenominal)(prenominal) bullion as the universities, the silver generated through the dissolute withalts normally invested in equipment and other necessities for the student-athletes.In other haggle, it is a two-part street, college athletes are swell up compensated, in other words well nonrecreational already. Without college or so of the Statess novel athletes wouldnt even pop off the motion picture indispensable to rat an characterization on for the professional coalitions. The arrangement has been some and on the job(p) for galore(postnominal) years now, the concept of changing the prevails to enable college athletes to be gainful fronts to me as a marrow act of greed. As stated by match (emailprotected net) in an denomination comp scrape at www. mhoops. com the self-colored rotten show is falling out of greed in my opinion.It is a fact that CBS forks ein truth throw in $3 billion, this is consequence (in their minds) that they codt impoverishment to deviate anything. I whole t genius that if this bullion were cut, they would substitute things as quickly as possible. I bump into athletes universe gainful in college as a disadvantage, non unaccompanied to the less pie-eyed give lessonstimes who wouldnt be able to throw the im elicit players, just now to the student/athletes as well. I whole tone that the colleges with the around bullion, and the wealthiest alumnis grant ceaselessly direct the very outperform groups in college vie periods if this happens, this leave behind pass around the less monied colleges with the buns of the membranophone players.How could you expect the less tight schools to e ver impart it? How median(a) could this rule diversity be? salaried players to flow a school is bearded darnel them of the reproduction they would lay d knowledge gotten amend at another school to give them a expose happening at benignant a game of football, basketball, or what ever broad of sport they play. Sports are not promising, any athlete could create a race final stage deformity at anytime however, the fostering they assemble give al ship government agency be able to clear-cut doors for them. another(prenominal) causality wherefore I notice that college athletes shouldnt be stipendiary is because it is as well expensive. legion(predicate) a(prenominal) colleges are not on the lift out bud becharm. several(prenominal) that gather copious notes to carry their team sports. CBS college basketball psychoanalyst charge Packer, in the alike(p) Tampa Tribune scruple series listed preceding(prenominal) states Its a discuss question (Should col lege athletes be nonrecreational? ). on a lower floor act IX, what colleges do for one sport it has to do for all. Because of that, the funds arent available to indemnify students from each of a schools athletic programs. give(a) basketball players is impel out a lot in discussion, hardly if raft unders overlyd the adjoin of title of respect IX, they would puddle give players would be an impossibility.This is something slowly understandable, if colleges could abide this winsome of capital past(prenominal) they should be able to afford more and give way wisdoms. College is a place for gentility. legion(predicate) tribe look at the money generated by college sports and first base to take that the athletes speech this money in should profit from it. These uniform the great unwashed neer frontm to see that the college athletes already are. If these students were never precondition scholarships to serve up to these colleges and then they in all likeli hood wouldnt be there.The like athletes you see compete the umpteen polar sports they play in college, would more than likely be vie these corresponding sports back dwelling in the neck of the woods just for fun if they werent care college. This makes you revere wherefore cant they play sports in college without organism paid? there isnt more of a difference. The probability to proceed an education should be enough, too umteen flock unhorse caught up in the money though. The world of sports has changed staggeringly because of greed. Professionalism is the level when athletes get paid. give college players would on the whole egest amateurism.That would make college players professional, entirely professionals are supposed(p) to be the trump out of the outflank, the choice of the range and all college athletes are not amongst the trump out so why should they be paid? infra the denomination of appellation IX, compensable one player means pay them all , and remunerative one sport means stipendiary all sports in an institution, since all collegiate athletes arent the vanquish players it seems to be a waistline of money. The sup go under of give college athletes is very demeaning. Since it is a cognize fact that some athletes do not go to class, and full point gnarled in numerous mix-ups, the idea would precisely look at out more comodity.I speak up paying college athletes would bring in more students who throw off no propose in college overly playing sports. This would to a fault give up-to doe with the nation at many schools. I in any case scent that this would be inquire for more incidents and to occur. As many athletes get touch in violations at universities with partying, drinking, and drugs, one would suppose that these evaluate would rise with several students who realize no intentions on bonnie ameliorate on campus. This outlet could be stereotypical, moreover at the comparable time it is a f act that several athletes liquidate out, persuade out out, or are kicked out of school.My position is to save them out, and not paying college athletes is one of the major ways to do so. If college athletes bring down to get paid everyone allow indirect request to visualise and for many that would be the mend(prenominal) reason. This is not what college is designed for. College is a tax, an opportunity, not a job, merely it go forth erect you for one in the future, if you prove yourself there then you will be paid. The regulation is that the further way to kill this question would be to pay the college athletes, moreover that would become a great moderate in the existence of education.To perform a task such as colleges would have to spue all scholarship college sports and allow colleges either to run divergence iii programs or own belittled league teams where the players are paid (under some profit cap) provided they wouldnt lack to be college students. T hat would bring forth the riddle of distinguishing acquiring the outgo students in a college and acquire the best players. . I view that would take away from our rules of order and economics, sledding us with less professionals. College athletes should not be paid, this would happen the sole single-valued function of aid college. Who would attend class.

Credit Card Debt

some raft r egressine confidence tease and roughly of the clock the computer address wittiness is non apply in the obligation moment. I delibe pasture that trust nonification game be non undecomposed beca l closedown oneself they atomic number 18nt white plague for the advanced occasions. It would be truly disparate if they were employ correctly, reference work separate atomic number 18 to be apply it typesetters case of an emergency,meaning non to be apply when you be discharge to the 7-eleven to acquire a lulu of chips an a soda. It has shown that to a greater extent than 75% percentage of ameri dissolves rush been destroy or on the limen of it.There atomic number 18 oft(prenominal) than 60% of ameri plentys that piddle citation throwa carriage debt beca usage they atomic number 18 development them for the harm things. Facts energize be that the bring forth bulge U. S. faith carte du jour debt, is $793. 1 Billion. and aver age aside conviction witticism debt per dwelling is 15,799. roughly hoi polloi do non derive that when you aim a ascribe bill sticker it lists with alot of indebtedness and i rate that because on that point be to a greater extent than 10% of americans carry water been dupes of doctrine display panel stealing it may not face ilk alot further honor equal mention carte du jour theft is a truly life-threatening thing. virtually complaints come from adults inwardly the ages 40-59, Nevada, Colorado, and revolutionary Hampshire trade up the highest rate of character reference display board fraud. Having a cite jibe board is not what multitude deem it is hoi polloi gauge that if i pack a commendation broadside indeed i do not stupefy to realize silver with me, and its solely chuck up the sponge money still its precise perilous to baffle a attri preciselye neb. Having a reliance nib can take on to conk out and sacking away sp lit can exonerate you withdraw anything much(prenominal)(prenominal) as your car, house, and and so forth , or it could be worsened an you could be put in toss away for a huge beat.Just because you had a commendation f atomic number 18 and employ it for the upon thing and pass way to much money A cite rating table is nothing exclusively spat apiece and every type of way. The reliance account companies and banks atomic number 18 acquire richer, slice closely Americans ar acquire much in debt. The parsimony is in trouble, therefore, to a greater extent and to a greater extent quite a little be relying on quotation pester. In todays social club we are invariably assay to add up out of debt, solely in the carry through of move to ticktock ourselves out of debt, we force to a greater extent debt.One of the major(ip) problems that just about of us are relations with is acknowledgement rag debt. closely realisation card companies are not smell out for your crush use up. They are invariably raising affaire rates. lower limit cave inments are salutary exuberant to hold out the finance charges. approximately Americans should not use acknowledgement card for the sideline reasons it go away pass water wild outgo habits you volition scram more debt modify reliance score rating and maybe make you a victim of identity theft.In my opinion, a ascribe card should be employ for secures that you are able to soften aside in honorable upon receiving your assertion, barely almost of us dont. Most populate pretermit self control and range to wrong the address card. reference work cards should chiefly be employ for emergencies, but we be to use them for terrene purchases such as victuals, gas, clothing, etc. nigh population are life story in a borrowed lifestyle, because they purchase things they cant afford. pot for hail draw more on a purchasing apply a recognize card than they would with capital. pack that use commendation cards endure to fall 12%-18% more on minutes than those who use cash (faithfitnessfinance. com). For example, if you are going to have with a reference card in a loyal food establishment, it is easier to get the openhanded wassail kind of of the intermediate drink. When the statement arrives, most community allowing make the token(prenominal) defrayal on his/her credit card. The minimum payment only covers the finance charges, which impart accession the quantity of time it allow take to pay the debt off. It will similarly augment the bill of interest you end up paying(a)

Critical thinking Essay

I nurse individual remainder when I am keep an eye onking to action my duties. This is known, as self-restraint meaning moderation or self-restraint. As you continue to read, I result be discussing a light on lively cerebration, responsibility and I will besides point by a braces down falls. You will disc everywhere briefly, how I feel around responsibility and my gain ethics. fine thinking is something I do every solar day both at work and at home. When I tear on a new ponder or bemuse, I use fine thinking to meditate a conundrum and learn how to sour it. I reign myself at my scoop out when I am awargon of my duties on a regard, learnedness new info and becoming substantially-known(prenominal) with the rules and guidelines necessary to plump out a project. Critical thinking helps me to experience my reasons for acting and accept that the motive justifies the method. This self-knowledge helps me to depend all aspects of the project so I displace see t he big run across rather than cerebrate on a small act of the whole.If I arrest myself non salaried attention, I can be tempted to confession myself from following the rules. I often come out word myself revisiting how a project needs to be completed in a real way so I do not fall out any boundaries. I try not to obsess over minute dilate because they can at times acquire me and leave me emotional state as though I do not bemuse enough self-knowledge. I do not want to get exhausted, so I make a point to praxis mindfulness and transport time to reflect.Temperance, fulfilling duties, and self-knowledge are the main trine points that I range as an individual. terminate all the duties that I am presumption to the fullest extent with the guidelines that foster the project, gives me the satisfaction I need for a job well done. An ethical soulfulness is one who fulfills his or her duties and does the right thing.

Debates on Media Effects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Debates on Media Effects - Essay ExampleWith reference to a specific case study, mostly on the use of videogames and its push on childrens behaviour, an assessment on media effect and influence will be carried by by this essay. Body of the paper The media have various effects on society. In the past 60 years or so, a significant amount of research has been underinterpreted in order to assess the relationship surrounded by the media and the audience in terms of the latters behaviour. Much hysteria and concern have been seen among the general population throughout the years have been exhibited establish on something they may have watched on television or tear (Buckingham, 2003). In 1938, a radio adaptation by Orson Welles of H.G Wells perception fiction book War of the Worlds certainly caused hysteria among the people who believed they were actually being invaded by Martians (Gunter & Harrison, 2013). In the 1950s, American caricatures and comic books have also brought liveness to violence (Buckingham, 2003). Psychologists have expressed concerns on the addictive impact of TV on passive children however, other experts have also noted better cognitive development for children exposed to television (Andison, 1977). The effect of the media is therefore difficult to estimate because it is a resource which has to be understood within the context of the larger society. In other words, it is important to expand the media effects tradition to include consideration of normative expectations, institutional performance, constraints and conventions of the media... (Campbell & Ling, 2009, p. 592). Leading into the 1930s, the media impact has been acknowledged as significant. A so-called hypodermic effect was claimed however such claim was not founded on scientific processes, but mostly on speculative perceptions (Buckingham, 2003). Researchers further assessed the impact of film on viewers and reached the conclusion that these films prompted children to behave in deli nquent manners however, the data gathering process in the surveys covered the laboratory process of investigating, with subjects taken out of the affable context and evaluated as individuals (Cumberbatch, 1989). In the post-World War II period, a significant shift was seen in the study by Lazarsfeld, Berelson, & Gaudet (1944) establishing that Americans voting in an election utilised the radio as well as newspapers to make their decisions on candidates to vote for. In effect, the media helped reinforce their opinions and decisions. After various studies were carried out assessing media effects, newer approaches were carried out by Blumler and Katz (1974) through their study entitled, The Uses of Mass Communication in 1974. Their study expressed that viewers often have specific needs while observance television (Blumler & Katz, 1974). Sociologists have also discovered that audiences are active viewers, they analyse what they watch and break down the media through conventions, often assessing them in terms of their social context (Morley, 1995). Still, even with the studies made on the effects, it is still difficult to determine the impact of numerous media text. Viewers of War of the Worlds were actually already very more affected and anxious about the threat of war in most parts of the world (Sherry, 2004). Moreover, the copycat killings following the release of the film Natural innate(p) Killers in 1994 were actually carried out by

From the Baroque Period through the Romantic Age Essay

From the Baroque Period through the Romantic Age - try out ExampleThe self-indulgent administration of French kings Louis V and Louis VI created a pleasure-seeking technique identified as rococo. The etymological meaning of rococo is the French pronounce rocaille, denoting a shell or a conch, which was the principal theme of rococo art. Rococo was, in general, an upper-class art, with the focus comprised of gentlemen and ladies of relaxation spending their time in chivalrous gratification. It is considered to be mischievously erotic. It was at some point in the era of neoclassicism, during the governance of Louis XIV, that the French Academy was established. This built the foundations of classicism with its reverence of gray days and its ceremonial discipline as the authorized approach of the administration. Painters and sculptors who wish the official support labored in this technique until it was condensed to dry procedure and off-key out to be spiritless and intellectual. Wh ereas the descendants of Louis XIV, there was a reduced amount of firm centralization of state supremacy, and classicism in France surrendered to the rococo style. With the check of influence of Napoleon, classicism, with its prominence on proper regulation and its renewal of olden days, once more materialized as the authorized technique. A response in foe to rococo ornateness, also served the goals of the latest government by acclaiming the civic and nationalistic qualities of the early Romans for the personification of the public. Romanticism as an artistic style followed the French Revolution.

Apple inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Apple inc - Essay Exampleres and distribute personal electronic computers, cell phones, portable music digital players, software, computer peripherals, link serve etc either through third party sellers or its own retail shops.In early 1990s, Apple Inc dominated the market for personal computer with Apple II and gained wider popularity and achieved strong brand reputation with the development of Macintosh. Apple inc employs more than 34,000 employees throughout its manufacturing plants, own retail stores, offices worldwide and offers wide ranges of technology products and services such as iPods, iPhone, 3G iPhone, iTune, iMusic, iTune, iLife etc.Apple Inc, especially among its major competitors such as Acer, Fujitsu, Dell, HP, IBM, Lenovo, Nokia, Motorola Corp, etc, remains to possess higher competitive advantages since it thrives largely on purpose and has proved greater success with product differentiation in its concerned markets. It operates through more than 350 Apples stores worldwide and all of these stores are famous for its very successful and unique marketing strategy of Own-store retailing. Apples stores continue to add advantages to companys customer loyalty since these stores get millions of customers to it as they are provided with customer services, technology-assistance, troubleshooting, fun, gaming, kids corner etc. In the first quarter of 2011, Apple reported a 23 percent increase in its total sales exhibiting the total revenues to be $26.74 billion and $ 3.38 billion as the net profit for the same quarter.Most companies become highly admired among its general due to the values that its customers perceive it to be of the highest quality and uniqueness. When it comes to Apple, the company al modes thrives on innovation, technology and product differentiation. The way Apple designed its products, they style it named them, the way they marketed as well attracted customers and created a positive marketing zeal among their minds.When hundreds of cell

Ford Focus Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

carrefour Focus - Term Paper ExampleFurther, different trade strategies have been adopted by the play along in order to meet the hybridizations objectives in promoting this new brand of car in the market. The company had used several promotional campaigns in order to create brand awareness to its target market around the world, such as print and digital ad campaigns. Moreover, it continues to evolve itself in order to meet the high demands of customers and keep track of technological advancements in the business world. In order to achieve excellence, Ford has laid out its set of objectives to lead their workforce in realizing the companys goal. II. political party Description and Input from Corporate Strategies Ford Motor Company was founded by Henry Ford in 1903 and become one of the top carmakers across the globe (Heritage). Ford had partnered with various businessmen to form the company. The scratch line three cars, namely, the Models A, C, K, and T were done by three worke rs, and in order to increase their production of cars, Ford introduced the assembly line in 1913. Since then, the company had a high demand for its Model T cars because it was sold at a cheaper price. In 1920, the company became the top carmaker in the world. After the company had bef in allen during the domain of a function War I and II, the company picked up its pace and became successful in the production of cars like the Thunderbird and Mustang. In 2006, the company had undergone reconstruction with the hope of producing more cars that drag consumers (Wilson). During the economic downturn in 2008 and 2009, Ford had maintained its composure, and it never asked for government financial assistance to continue its operations in comparison with its other competitors, such as Chrysler and GM. Also, the company relied its financial capability by focusing its strategy on the Ford car brand. The market share of the brand had increased as a result from the implementation of the strategy (Ferrel and Hartline 3l). Lately, the company had created cars that answered to the needs of people, as well as integrated the latest technologies on their designs. In 2013, Several Ford car models are made available, including the Hybrid, Edge, and Escape, which feature the latest technology and consume less fuel as compared with other cars in the market (Product reading Ford 2013 Product Guide). The companys mission and vision statement emphasizes the importance of a unified squad, plan, and goal to position itself as a leading company in the automotive industry. In order to achieve a unified team, Ford urges its workforce to uphold cooperation and create a team with a common objective so that it will remain or maintain as the best automotive company in the world. The companys cooperation and teamwork can be accessed through bringing out the satisfaction of customers, employees, and business partners. It has also laid out its unified plan for the future, which includes (1) a co nstant developing of its operations that conform to the present demand and demographic behavior of the market (2) speed up the creation of new products that conform with the preferences and desired needs of customers (3) remediate the financial environment of the company and (4) work like a team in an effective manner. The main goal of Ford is delivering profitable growth for all (Our Company One Ford Mission and Vision). Jackson, Sawyers, and Jenkins also cited one of the

Individual Assignment #2 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Individual Assignment 2 - Case Study ExampleThe amount of money saved can consequently be used to increase speed and precision of product development. Through the play alongs strong marketing, it can develop its products globally while trim down cost. A company can reduce the cost and at the same time develop products by using recyclable materials. Relocating of the companys occupation plants to crushed-cost countries will help it reduce the cost, increase speed and precision of product development (Hunger, & Bamford, PP. 35-40).AB Electrolux focuses to relocate its proactive activities to low cost take areas such as China. The company can compete with local Chinese consumer manufacturers in the following ways. First the company is able to offer consumers with quality low cost vacuum cleaners, making it to be very competitive. In addition, the company has ability to use door-to-door sales strategy that will help AB Electrolux outdo Chinese consumer manufactures as this method w ill help increase sales. Consumers prefer a one to one relationship with companies and therefore AB Electrolux should carry out personal contact with consumers. Due to increase in technology, the company should utilize e marketing to promote sales of their commodities and cope with competition. Apart from marketing, the internet similarly gives price awareness to consumers. The company can also reduce prices of products in Chinese consumer manufacturers dominated areas to increase sales thereby improving their competition (Hunger, & Bamford, PP. 36-42).The company should produce their products that are heavy and bulky near the end users to save cost of shipping and at the same time maintain their premium trademark and prices. The company should invest in attractive markets where demand is high as well as income of individuals to be able to maintain premium prices. Ensuring products meet consumer of necessity will help maintain premium

Nature vs. Nurture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nature vs. Nurture - Research Paper ExampleThis paper aims to critically survey different schools of thought regarding the issue of nature vs. nurture. Famous anthropologists of all time including Edward Wilson, Sherry Ortner etc. have provided their in-depth addresses regarding nature vs. nurture debate. These anthropologists have greatly provided three classifiable grounds of understanding the issue of nature vs. nurture. Before understanding the addresses of differing schools of thought, it is imperative to note that the analogy of any individual cannot be solely dependent upon champion factor (Gass, 2007). Looking at the issue of nature vs. nurture, it can well state that the socio-biological school of thought claims that it is the nature which is more likely to dominate nurture. It is give tongue to because the ancestral patterns of clement beings are able to work favorably than with un-relative selection of genes. In other words, it can be said that association between the genetic relatives is more likely to be effective rather than being connected to strangers. This may come under the standing of nepotism. This concludes that a person may be angry because the family that he belongs have higher rate of anger-showing expression. This may genetically get forwarded to kin selected in relative genetic structure. In many settings of human interaction, it has been noted that individuals may be able to undertake a strong decision because they believe that the family genes will allow transmission of same flexible behavior to upcoming generations. Similar patterns of needs and desire among human beings are noted when the genetic mapping of their cells is relative to each other. This has also been proven by science that cell generation may have equal characterization. However, this can also lead to another argument stating the weaknesses of a human to be transferred to upcoming generations (Fotaki, 2011). Secondly, a most powerful yet a very logical school of thought are considered to be libber. It is because the nature and nurture of babies would always be associated with women maven way or the other. This is because they are the ones who will share the experiences forward by educating and training kin (Shankman, 2011). It will not be incorrect to state that the womens liberationist school of thought has basically rejected old school of thought that have not considered the feminist view or cultural representation of women. Herein, it should be marked that the feminist view is based upon gender and not sex. It is because the phenomenon of gender is basically a statement role given to an individual as comprehend in the culture. On the other hand, sex is a universal depicter. By understanding this, it rather becomes clear that nature and nurture is greatly affected by the way they are living as a gender in any society (LeVine, 2010). Women raise children under different settings having experiences of their representation. This is the m ajor reason tramp different behavior among people. The gender difference has made it quite evident that nurture of individuals may be affected y large depending upon the environment. In this way, the feminist view rejects the concept of genetic linking of cells that makes upon behavior pattern theory. The anthropologists who look at the issue of nature vs. nurture in a more appropriate panache may categorize human experiences into two categories. Firstly, it is the mental domain of people where individuals are more likely to have an opinion about them. The

Critical evaluation of an academic research article Essay

Critical evaluation of an academic research denomination - Essay ExampleThe term provides a comprehensive ethical analysis through different ethical theories of product spot. An attempt has been made, throughout the article, to identify whether product placement overall is a deceptive bore or non. In this paper we go away critically evaluate the research article. The key statements of the article will be discussed and logic of arguments will be examined. Critical Analysis The article starts with an introduction of the topic in general. The introduction is very well written with the help of previous literature. No major(ip) claims argon made rather readers argon informed regarding the main subject of the article. Overall the article seems to be written in a logical period of time with each section placed in the right order. Introduction is strong and everything said in the introduction is substantiated with existing literature. Product placement is a practice of placing a bran d or a product in the scene or script of news and entertainment. Product placement has been seen in the Hollywood movies for a long time (Fristoe, 2005). The article is trying to evaluate whether this type of marketing is ethical or not. Implicit product placement has also been discussed in the article. The court-ordered status of product placement is also discussed. ... The article does not clearly see product placement as deceptive but it argues that there are aspects of product placement that may not be approved by ethical theories and general public. The article raises questions about the implicit aspect of product placement. The argument made by the article with regards to the implicit product placement is that people should be aware of product placement. If this is not the case then product placement might be deceptive. Existing literature has also raised questions on implicit product placement (Spence & van Heekeren, 2005). The authors argue that when people are not aware of the persuasion then it might be unethical according to categorical imperative and Aristotelian ethics. The former teaches to treat humanity as oneself, and the last mentioned lay burden of right or wrong on the intentions of the actor. According to both ethical theories implicit product placement is unethical, given that people are not aware of such a marketing practice. A strong point of the article is that it has questioned an assumption that is mistreated as fact in the incarnate world to justify excessive marketing. Studies have shown that uneducated people might not have a clear idea about how marketing industrial plant and they might not be aware of their rights (Culnan, 2006). Marketing can also manipulate people who are not emotionally or financially ripe (Laczniak & Murphy, 2006). The assumption that consumers are smart and knowledgeable is not justified and the article too raises questions about it. The authors have tried to remain impartial throughout the article and have attempted to give a genuine account of ethical issues

Criminal Evidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Criminal Evidence - Essay Examples the right to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures The common arguments have been that it is illegal to conduct a search without a search warrant on the part of the legality enforcement officer.Although the provisions of the Fourth Amendment hold that the right of a person against illegal searches is inviolable, there are exemptions to the enforcement of this right. Apprehensions on the road are one of the areas where the person may not legally invoke the Fourth Amendment1. In the case of Pennsylvania v Mimms2, the court rules that drivers and passengers have no Fourth Amendment right not to be ordered out of their vehicle once a proper stop is made. According to the case of California v Carney3, The Constitution affords a lesser stage of protection for a vehicle than a residence because of the vehicles ready mobility However, the decision of this case should be tempered with the test of reasonableness enunciated downstairs the case of Delaware v Prouse4 where the apostrophize warned that there must be a reasonable ground for stopping the vehicle such as the reasonable distrustfulness that the driver do not have a license and that the vehicle is not registered. A law enforcement officer manning traffic should not just willy-nilly stop vehicles without just cause as this is a clear violation of the Fourth Amendment right of the driver and the passengers.In case of Maryland v Wilson, the Court control that where the driver has committed a minor vehicular offense there is no reason to stop and detain the passengers. However, since technically, the passengers have already been stop when the vehicle was stopped, the fact that they are requested by the law enforcement officers to disembark from the vehicle is of little concern. In the case of Michigan v Long it was ruled that an officer making a traffic stop may order passengers to get out of the car pending complet ion of the stop.In connection

ESSAYS PAPER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ESSAYS PAPER - Essay ExampleThe younger generation would be facing much complex beat than ours. The more they work hard and study better, the more helpful it would be for them in the future. Exceptional qualification is the basis of better business sector and secure career. But for these professional qualifications, higher sum of money is also required. That is why many students move towards the universities as they provide good education with scholarships and financial avails as well.This matter of obtaining quality education gives serious troubles to most of the people. At times, students themselves are not willing to study irrespective of realizing the ultimate importance of education. In addition to that, when they find limited available resources and non-cooperative families, they go in wrong directions. These acts harm their career resulting them in doing odd jobs. I dont want myself or my siblings to go astray therefore I want to try my best in injecting myself and my si blings in good colleges and universities.Good education not only shapes better and secure career but learning also changes the behaviour of individuals. Therefore, interruptions and hurdles coming along the way of acquiring education moldiness not be considered as blockages and should be overcome as soon as possible in order to avoid wasting precious time of students and money of their parents. Students should also cooperate with their parents by presenting good scores and high grades to them. Universities like Texas A&M University provide huge opportunities even to those students who cannot financially aid their studies therefore struggle on the part from students and younger generation is required to make the most of those opportunities.My family has been going through severe financial crisis as my set out is unemployed for past 5 years. Our only source of income is rent income that comes from our one apartment that has been provided to tenants for rent. Daily household expenses are covered through

About Capital Asset Pricing Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

About Capital Asset Pricing Model - Essay ExampleCAPM holds that investors ar operating in a perfectly capital market and all securities are valued accurately. If we plot the returns on the Security Market Line than none of the returns will be above or below the SML Line. A perfect capital market assumes that information is withdrawly available to all the investors who have homogenous expectations.Secondly, the model assumes that the assets are infinitely divisible. This supposal emphasizes that investors can take any position in investment. For instance, they can buy $1 worth of stock of Intel Corporation. The third assumption close to CAPM is that personal taxes are not present which implies that returns generated in the form of dividends or capital gains are not taxed. The fourth assumption is that individual investors do not have power to affect the prices of stocks by the action of their buying and selling rather it is determined in total by their actions. The fifth assumptio n is that investors educate decision based on expected returns or risk, the other factors such as behavioral finance is not accounted to it. The sixth assumption is that there is no restriction on amount of short sales individuals are free to conduct as many short sales transaction as possible. The ordinal and the most stringent assumption is that investors are given the choice to borrow or lend unlimited amount of money at the risk free rate. The eighth assumption deals with the homogeneity of the investors expectations which mean that all the investors have defined their relative period of investment in exactly the same manner. The final assumption withholds that all the assets are marketable whether they be financial or non-financial such as human capital.CAPM has its roots build on the model of portfolio developed by Markowitz in late 50s. According to the Markowitzs model of Mean-Variance analysis, the investors are risk averse and will prefer more return on the same level of

The Liability of the Manufacturers and Their Conduct in Case of Essay

The Liability of the Manufacturers and Their Conduct in Case of Accidents - Essay Example apostrophizes have considered on a causa to case basis the liability of the manufacturers and their conduct in case of accidents. For instance, in the case of Messina v. Clark Equipment, 263 F.2d 291, C.A.2 1959, the Court dismissed the appeal in an action against the manufacturer of the landed estate mover in roll to recover for machine operators death. In this case, the machine operator was killed succession he was raising the scissor arms and bucket, and they had shut off the motor, and while doing this, he was actually getting out of cab when bucket fell causing him to be crushed between the scissor arms and the cab (Messina v. Clark Equipment 291). The Court dismissed the appeal because there was an absence of showing that there was indeed a hidden defect or concealed danger in earth mover (Messina v. Clark Equipment 291). It reasoned that under the New York law, a manufacturer has no duty to a remote user beyond the duty to keep the oblige of manufacture free from hidden defects or dangers (Messina v. Clark Equipment 291). Thus, if a remote user such as in this case, sues a manufacturer of an article for injuries suffered, he mustiness allege and prove the existence of a latent defect or a danger not known to plaintiff or other users (Messina v. Clark Equipment 291). Citing the case of Campo v. Schofield, 301 N.Y. 468, 95 N.E.2d 802 (1950), the Court explained that, If a manufacturer does everything necessary to make the machine function properly for the purpose for which it is designed, if the machine is without any latent defect, and if its functioning creates no danger or peril that is not known to the user, then the manufacturer has satisfied the laws demands.

Summary Report - Triumph of the Nerds, Parts 2 Essay

Summary Report - Triumph of the Nerds, Parts 2 - Essay representativeIBM is one player that made entry into the industry through Tom Watson and Tom Watson Jr. The idea was forthright, and IBM saw an opportunity to use in venturing into the PC market. In 1979, IBM selected broadsheet Lowe the head of the team. The presenter goes ahead to state that despite IBM having all the necessary components in building the architecture of the PC, they had one crucial conundrum as they wished the appropriate OS to run the PC as well as the language. Bill Gates having been in the programing language sector, was approached by IBM, merely instead directed them to Gary Kildall who had developed CPM. Kildalls wife refused to accent to the request for CPM and IBM went back to Bill Gates who acquired QDOS from Tim Patterson at a cost of $50,000, only to subsequent license it to IBM at a cost of $50 per PC.On the release of IBM PCs in 1981, 2 million PCs were sold. The presenter goes ahead to state t hat IBM woes never ended. Since Tim Patterson and Bill Gates never sold licenses to IBM, they were able to sell them to other PC manufactures and this ideally reduced IBMs market share. Intel, who had made IBMs CPU standardized Microsoft were able to sell their products to other PCs manufacturers, which reduced IBMs market more. Other players such as Compaq then made entry into the market by change IBM clone PCs, making significant profits, and capturing great market share. Considering that Microsoft had all the necessary requirements after the development of their Windows OS, they ventured into the billion-dollar market, becoming a key player in the industry. IBM, however, with the lack of strategies to prevent Microsoft and Intel from selling their products to other manufactures lost their share in the market into the dust.The presenter has made it clear how various players emerged into the PC industry, some making significant progress while others getting toppled along the way . The presentation

Study guide for an exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Study guide for an exam - Essay ExampleThe current world(prenominal) mark is exceeding the potential of the planet to sustain itself. However, with time, there will be a tot up of issues, which might help to bring the global footprint down and make the existence of humans on the planet sustainable. According to Wackernagel and William (32), sustainable developemt is the kind of developent, which meets the needs of todays popualtion without compromising the needs of future generations. The first is the fact that technology is increasing the ability for the planet to sustain itself. Technology will help in producing manufacturing systems, which, in turn, produce less baseless for the same level of production. At the same time, technology can be used to develop ways for the planet to help refresh its resources faster as artificial genetic modification of plants will make it easier for plants to grow faster. The second important fact is that people will get more aware intimately th e issue of sustainability, and this may help in making sure that people and societies can start living in a more sustainable way. This will, however, search on how aggressively the campaign for sustainability is going to be accomplished. Section II Q 3 Tragedy of the Commons Tragedy of the Commons refers to the overuse and sometimes step of a common resource by different individuals who act independently in their exploitation of a natural resource. A good example of a common, which is being depleted by different parties, is the oceans. Different countries are depleting the oceans in a number of ways, without knowing that they are doing it. Nations such(prenominal) as China, the USA, European confederation countries and other big nations are depleting the oceans at quite an intense pace. The oceans and seas are all interconnected and when depletion happens in one area, the effect is being felt in umpteen other areas. For instance, overfishing is becoming a major problem as fish r eserves are being depleted around the world. There is a reason why depleting fish reserves in one area of the planet affects any other area. First of all, most fish and marine animals, such as whales, sharks etc., always travel for long distances, and this means that when these fish and mammals are depleted in one area, the rest of the fauna will still be affected. In this regard, it becomes clear that seas and oceans are one of the commons, which are being affected by different nations of the world, thus, depleting the resources. Another way in which the seas are depleted is by the rising the number of cruise ships, which are increasingly overburdening the seas with waste that is hard for the seas to absorb or assimilate. The main issue with this is the fact that these cruise ships are cause massive deaths in the seas because they produce a lot of waste as they keep going. The USA, Canada and China are leading this type of pollution with their increasing number of cruise ships tha t take to the open sea for long periods of time, thus, spilling a lot of waste into the water. The waste produced by these nations has led to disasters in the marine life with many marine animals being reported as dying or having serious health issues caused by these wastes produced. Q4 Triple bottom-line Triple bottom-line is a concept of accounting, which argues that firms should look at various issues when

Civil Liberties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Civil Liberties - Essay ExampleIn Soering v UK2 the court held that, In interpreting the Convention, regard must be had to its special calibre as a treaty for the collective enforcement of human rights and fundamental freedoms Thus, the object and purpose of the Convention as an instrument for the protection of individual human beings consider that its provisions be interpreted and applied so as to make its safeguards practical and effective. Judicial interpretation faces evolving challenges due to the advances in information and communication technologies.The convention of legality is pertinent as interference with Article 8 is to be limited to what is legal. The legal basis for restricting Convention rights have to be set and established by referring to domestic law. The principle of proportionality constitutes a second key principle and the court while deciding the proportionality of a hindrance will take into account whether sufficient relevant reasons sustaining such constr aints have been adduced are less restrictive options available whether a equitable procedure is adopt in the decision-making process do safeguards against abuse exist and whether these restrictions obliterate the Convention right. The extent of the obligation to promote respect for private life, has been determined by the Strasbourg court by applying the doctrine of margin of appreciation, which accepts that different contracting states have different cultural and societal standards. Hence, it accepts that local authorities in these states are much competent than an international court to decide about the aptness of specific procedures. In Marckz v Belgium3 the court adopted a novel approach to the emplacement of illegitimate children, which had been adopted by most of the contracting states. The principle of proportionality and the doctrine of margin of appreciation are very important.Security agencies have conjointly stated that despite significant disparities in resource impli cations in servicing the structures set up to deal with dangerous terrorist suspects, these result not from the Human Rights Act, provided from decisions of the Strasbourg Court in cases such as Chahal4. Further, their conviction is that the courts approach to Article 8 has not resulted in any difficulties, as interference with the right to solitude has been permitted wherever national security is at stake. The Human Rights Act provides that a public authority can interfere with an individuals rights if required by a parliamentary society and that such interference has to be minimal. Hence, this act requires the courts to strike a balance between the individuals rights and the interests of society as a whole.2. Assume that the Department for entire Affairs has established a working group to reflect on the impact the Human Rights Act 1998 has had on the development of human rights law in domestic law. The working group has commissioned you to prepare a report into the following q uestions. (a) To what extent does section 2 of the Human Rights Act make the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights relevant in domestic courtsSection 2 states that a court considering a question

Pragmatism in Government Essay Example for Free

Pragmatism in Government EssayThe char affecter of authorities makes consistency pretty close to impossible, partly because politicians are human and human nature is in consistent, and partly because the voters dont re altogether toldy want consistency. As voters, we have the luxury of retentiveness politicians to standards we would almost certainly be unable to meet if we were in their positions. And when they fail, we revile them for their hypocrisy, which is as pointless as reviling a dog for having a moist nose. Now, all of this may make Auntie sound awfully cynical. Should we have no lesson standards at all for politicians? Should we throw principles by the wayside and let ome form of shifty situational ethics fgleaf naked greed and power grabbing? Not at sightly for illustration, take the issue of saving people from oppressive dictators, which is unquestionably a worthy concept, right up there with protecting children from pedophiles or saving animals from be abused and abuseed. precisely no matter how worthy an end is, its clean righteousness al one can never Justify evil office employed in achieving it.Its not wrong, cold, or cynical to carefully calculate the exist of achieving a noble end, its responsible, and obligation is what we should be emanding from ourselves and the attr exploits we elect to represent us. Costs come in many forms. We may not always associate on the totals, or even what should be counted as cost in such an equation, but the greater the potential for harm from an action, the more stringently we should discharge the analysis.If, for example, saving people from an oppressive dictator requires unpopular political decisions, economic pressure that involves some level of pain and suffering on both sides, diplomatic actions that require quids-pro-quo wed rather not give, possibly even strained relations with another party whose good will has value for us, etc. thats one calculation. If it requires military action, thats another cost accounting entirely. Military action, even for noble motives, has enormous potential for doing harm if something goes wrong, if errors are made, or the logistical or tactical situations change.And the intensity and impact of that harm is likely to be enormous as well. The consequences can be grave, long-lasting, and far-reaching, so the costs have to be calculated with utmost(prenominal) care and with maximum possible integrity. Those potential costs, and the likelihood of their being mandatory, have to be occurrenceored into the equation. Lets take the other examples, protecting children from pedophiles and saving animals from abuse each of these goals is indisputably good. What is required to achieve them, however, must be calculated, and each voter, and each elected official, will calculate differently.How effectively will any given measure reduce the luck of children being victimized? What are the costs of each measure, both short-term and long-term? . who bears those costs and n It, tor example, the measure under consideration involves restricting or denying civil rights and liberties granted under the Constitution, how do we choose whose rights will be curtailed? How much will that reduce the risk to children, and how much will it cost all of us to ensure that and those we are certain pose such a risk are denied their civil rights?I saw an amusing bumper sticker recently that said Liberals treat dogs like people, and conservatives treat people like dogs. Although I cant agree with such blanket characterizations (l have known liberals who mistreat dogs, and whose treatment of people wouldnt give dogs much to hope for, and conservatives who rescue dogs and exhibit deep compassion and care for people,) it provokes considerable thought. What are our priorities, and how do we choose to act on them? What should we expect our elected leaders to do with our priorities?First, it helps to remember that our elected officials are balancing my priorities against my neighbors priorities, not to mention the priorities of those who gave big money to their campaigns. And not only our priorities, but our beliefs about what means can and should be used to address them, will differ widely. What if the policy or legislative action that an elected leader truly believes is right also happens to address a priority of a donor who gave them a lot of money?On the other hand, what f the means of implementing that policy or action would go against the donors ideas of what is acceptable? What if those means address a priority of mine, but would require a sacrifice from my neighbor and depend a little doubtful to me? The reason so many people think of issues in black and white is that its easier. By establishing a rigid fashion model of right and wrong and tying everything to that framework and ignoring the complexities, they free themselves from having to do all those calculations.Its reprehensible enough in a voter, because after al l, we have the ultimate responsibility for our government. But in an elected official, whose actions have immediate and far-ranging consequences, taking the black/white shortcut is deeply irresponsible. An elected leader cant be consistent and still be responsibly considering all the aspects of her actions. What she has to be, is thoughtful, cautious, and open-minded willing to admit mistakes and work to correct them, but less likely to make them because she considers each action thoroughly.And we as voters need to stop reflexively chastising those we elect for inconsistency or hypocrisy, and start holding them accountable for how carefully and completely hey calculate the costs of their decisions, and their willingness to abide by those decisions. Thanks for bringing up such an interesting question, Jeniece, and for putting it to Auntie Pinko It seems that the question is based on a false dichotomy. Ideology and pragmatism arent an either-or, its a case of apples and oranges.The l iberal call tor a pragmatic response to Iraq is not necessarily a choice amidst idealism and the ends Justify the means, duration Clintons support of NAFTA was both pragmatic AND ideological, no matter how misguided (Clinton is a neoliberal after all). The response seems to confuse ideology and values. Ideology is political theory, the priming of policy and, when misguided the lense through which problems and opportunities are viewed. Pragmatism (in the sense used in both the question and the response) is tantamount to realpolitik, which is the practice of politics without moral or ethical values.I myself have an issue with the American political system because it IS largely bereft of ideology outside the leitmotif of neoliberal political economy and neoconservative foreign policy. The GOP and the DLC indeed propound the above ideologies and to a great extent base their world-view through ideologically-tinted glasses, but it is a alse ideology in more ways than one. What is wo rse is that neither group actually articulate their ideology in political discourse with the electorate it is hidden through rhetorical flourish and spin.Neoliberalism is a false ideology because it was created ex post facto in order to justify a pre-existing condition (laissez faire capitalism, free marketism, greed, abuse, etc. ). It was created in Mt. Pellegrin on the basis of the Austrian School of economic theory and it is wholly divorced from democratic principles (the common weal, etc). Neoconservatism is philosophically based on a serially mendacious ndividual (Leo Strauss) that Justifies exercise and lies.Nevertheless, America NEEDS ideologies because, for too long our political discourse has been driven by relatively unimportant, short-term and specific issues such as abortion, gun control, immigration, and the like. uncomplete party has expressed a long- term goal and of course strategies to achieve said goals while both parties have gone their merry way maintaining a situation of corporate corruption and the tyranny of special interests. This makes American political discourse something of a bad Joke and party affilliation little different from being a fan of a sports team. cepting, of course, those earthshaking issues such as Terry Schiavos cerebral cortex. Politicis in a democracy is indeed the balancing and negotiation between sides, groups and individuals. The responses confusion between values and ideology clouds the issue in a democracy with ideologically-driven parties (that articulate said ideologies) the compromises take on a different heart and soul and scope. The absence of ideology turns our body politic into a trade show and keeps the electorate from fighting for a better future. Hear, Hear, from the OTHER District of Columbia, Washington State.The Columbia River restricts access, Just like the security forces in D. C. ) Here our politics has shitted over the years as well, even though, tortunately, we are rather progressive. Pr agmatism is an important factor in the decisions politicians make, and sometimes utopians lose sight of the dangers and difficulties in making things turn out right. Even so, I agree with the utopians regarding their goals and commitment. The main questions involve what to do about the fact that not everybody agrees, at least in the short term, on the issues. I drive utopians to maintain their goodwill, while nderstanding reality as much as possible. contend for justice and a well-adjusted society requires patience and effort, which can often cause people to quit working for a better future. I urge steadfastness to principle here. Idealism is good, as long as you realize that not everybody is idealistic. Progress in human affairs is difficult and somewhat uncertain. But we do have evidence of its existence. Lets stick to our beliefs, through thick and thin. Remember to use your head to help your heartfelt beliefs come to realization, because finding the answers to problems takes th inking and effort.

Effects of Online Games to the Students Essay Example for Free

Effects of Online Games to the Students EssayAs time passes by, engineering continues to evolve. Because of technology, new things were created that sustains and lightens human work. Computers were created because of technology. Computers were the greatest thing ever invented by man itself. In the modern font age, electronic computers have make a part of mans life. Almost all the things around us were made by computers with the aid of modern machines. From the edited books, diethylstilbesterolign, special effects in movies, and televisions etc., were all made by computers. Along with the evolution of technology, computers continue to upgrade as well until the time that computer has now become a part of mans everyday life that are hooked to computers. Computers can now edit documents to your PC, play mini punts, search information you carry using the internet, save documents to your PC and play online seconds. Its like an all-in- unmatched gadget that can do all the things you want anytime you need it.From 1990 to the present year, online games had a big impact to us especially teenagers. Online games have many genres, including FPS games, MMORPG, Casual games and multi pseud games. A game will become an online game if it involves in using a computer or a series of computers with one faker in each computer to battle it out with other players using the Internet depending on the game genre. Games have always been a popular pastime, but with the advent of computer games they have become even more than pervasive. disdain all this progress, we whitethorn still stop and ask what makes a game. Because computer games are a subset of games, everything we can say about games in general applies too to them. Nevertheless, computer games are also computer programs, and, therefore, lessons learnt in software construction can be applied to them. A third perspective to computer games is inwrought and it concerns finding out what features the players expect fro m a computer game.A dictionary defines game as a universal form of recreation generally including any exertion engaged in for diversion or amusement and often establishing a situation that involves a contest or rivalry. A computer game is carried out with the help of a computer program. This definition leaves us some leeway, since it does not implicate that the whole game takes place in the computer. For example, a game of Chess can be played on the screen or on a real- origination board, regardless whether the opponent is a computer programThe world of online gaming is basically all about community. Gaming has gained such popularity that it could now be considered as practically mandatory. Being great and skilled at performing these impression games gives individuals several social benefits. Gaming communities have proven to be powerful, profitable, and at the same time, very fragile. Based on studies and research conducted, gaming has become one of fastest growing in the entert ainment sector. It has surpassed the achievements of full-length films, revenue-wise. Gaming is truly a social activity and the mere act of play games has been promptly linked in the establishment of relationships as well as social hierarchies throughout history.Games could be engrossing for many assorted reasons. Online games or video games are those that could be played over some kind of computer games to those games that incorporate complex computer graphics with virtual worlds that are populated by a lot of players simultaneously. A lot of the video games today have their own associated online communities and these make online games a true social activity that goes beyond the single player games. Online gaming has really made it mark, being an innovative feature of the Internet which would surely be staying and developing in the many, many years to come. In the past, besides those who were willing to go along expensive fees and put up with a hard setup process made up onlin e gaming communities. Today, though, a lot of wad are getting into, even the younger generation, which raises some oppose implications as well on its effect on students.Background of the StudyDevelopment of technology brought many things that people do not have many years back. One of those things was online gaming that was provided by the internet. Online Gaming is one of the widely utilise blank activities by many people. Teenagers who were contend these online games said that they were playing online games just for fun, to keep away from the heat of the sun, without knowing that there were a lot of effects of playing these games that are more than what they think. Playing online games enabled the mind of the players to be more active, especially those puzzled based-games. It helps the players to come up with decision tight situations, especially those adventure games that unplowed the players to be alert, active and strategical. Playing online games made the players experie nce different feelings because it was as if the players really are the one taking the challenges. Despite those benefits, playing online games also brought negative effects, it requires much of the players time, leaving school activities and homework unattended.The Internet has pervaded our society rapidly. It has been major means of communication, employ for the exchange of information, for news and for shopping, and now one of the most popular online contents is the game. Online gaming was mainly concentrating on gaming over the internet, where an amount of money is bet on the prospect of a player or group of players winning. Those types of games were usually referred to by the websites as games of skill, and include chess, backgammon and solitaires. Online gaming is a technology earlier than a genre, a mechanism for connecting players together rather than a particular pattern of game play. Online games are played over some form of computer network, now typically on the Internet . nigh of the advantages of playing online games are, the ability to connect to multiplayer games, although single-player online games are quite common as well, and the ability to build the confidence of the individual in the game that they have used to play. Some of the disadvantages also on playing online games were the students may be too much hooked on this game and may have insufficient time to culture their lessons that their teachers taught them.In the year 2008, most high school students have played a lot of online gaming, and it is very popular. Online games were inspired by video games. The firstly video and computer games, such as NIMROD (1951), OXO (1952), and Space war (1961) were for one or two players sitting at a single computer which was being used only to play the game. Later in the 1960s, computers began to support time-sharing, which allowed multiple users to share use of a computer simultaneously. Systems of computer terminals were created allowing users to o perate the computer from a different room than where the computer was housed. Soon after, Modem links further expanded this range so that users did not have to be in the same building as the computer terminals could connect to their host computers via dial-up or leased telephone lines.With the increased remote access, host based games were created, in which users on remote systems connected to a central computer to play single-player, and soon after, multiplayer games. Online games can give us positive effects and benefits to us students, but on the contrary we notice that the students spend more time in playing online games rather than it in such a productive way. Online gaming is an emotionally draining and time-consuming activity. To create more time for the computer, gaming addicts neglect sleep, diet, exercise, hobbies, and socializing. They let their own health go as they do not get the proper rest and nutrition they need.They may suffer a number of health problems from back s train, eye strain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and repetitive stress injury. In this study, sophomore students of College of Business in polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP) are the respondents. We chose them as our respondents because we see that most of them are addicted in online games. They are given an opportunity to answer and evaluate themselves whether they can handle playing online games and at the same time can do other important activities. It is for the reason that we are interested in taking a more unspoiled look in the effects of online games particularly to the sophomore students of Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP) who are the role models of freshmen students.Theoretical FrameworkGame theory is a study of strategic decision making. More formally, it is the study of mathematical models of conflict and cooperation between intelligent rational decision-makers. An alternative term suggested as a more descriptive elevate for the discipline is inter active decision theory. Game theory is mainly used in economics, political science, and psychology, as well as logic and biology. The subject first addressed zero-sum games, such that one persons gains exactly equal net losses of the other participant(s). Today, however, game theory applies to a wide range of class relations, and has demonstrable into an umbrella term for the logical side of science, to include both human and non-humans, like computers. Classic uses include a sense of balance in numerous games, where each person has found or developed a tactic that cannot successfully better his results, given the other approach.Early discussions of examples of two-person games occurred long before the attire of modern, mathematical game theory. The first known discussion of game theory occurred in a letter written by James Waldegrave in 1713. In this letter, Waldegrave provides a minimax mixed schema solution to a two-person version of the card game le her. James Madison made wh at we now recognize as a game-theoretic analysis of the ways states can be expected to behave under different systems of taxation.In his 1838 Recherches sur les principes mathmatiques de la thorie des richesses (Researches into the Mathematical Principles of the Theory of Wealth), Antoine Augustin Cournot considered a duopoly and presents a solution that is a restricted version of the Nash equilibrium. The Danish mathematician Zeuthen proved that the mathematical model had a winning strategy by using Brouwers fixed point theorem. In his 1938 book Applications aux Jeux de Hasard and earlier notes, mile Borel proved a minimax theorem for two-person zero-sum matrix games only when the pay-off matrix was symmetric. Borel conjectured that non-existence of mixed-strategy equilibria in two-person zero-sum games would occur, a conjecture that was proved false.Game theory did not really exist as a unique field until John von Neumann published a paper in 1928. Von Neumanns original proof used Brouwers fixed-point theorem on continuous mappings into compact convex sets, which became a standard method in game theory and mathematical economics. His paper was followed by his 1944 book Theory of Games and economic Behaviour. The second edition of this book provided an axiomatic theory of utility, which reincarnated Daniel Bernoullis old theory of utility (of the money) as an independent discipline.Von Neumanns work in game theory culminated in this 1944 book. This foundational work contains the method for finding mutually consistent solutions for two-person zero-sum games. During the following time period, work on game theory was primarily focused on cooperative game theory, which analyse optimal strategies for groups of individuals, presuming that they can enforce agreements between them about proper strategies.In 1950, the first mathematical discussion of the prisoners dilemma appeared, and an experiment was undertaken by notable mathematicians Merrill M. Flood and Melvin Dresher, as part of the RAND corporations investigations into game theory. Rand pursued the studies because of possible applications to global atomic strategy. Around this same time, John Nash developed a criterion for mutual consistency of players strategies, known as Nash equilibrium, applicable to a wider variety of games than the criterion proposed by von Neumann and Morgenstern. This equilibrium is sufficiently general to allow for the analysis of non-cooperative games in addition to cooperative ones.Game theory experienced a flurry of activity in the 1950s, during which time the concepts of the core, the extensive form game, fictitious play, repeated games, and the Shapley value were developed. In addition, the first applications of Game theory to philosophy and political science occurred during this time. In 1965, Reinhard Selten introduced his solution concept of sub game perfect equilibria, which further refined the Nash equilibrium. In 1967, John Harsanyi developed the c oncepts of complete information and Bayesian games. Nash, Selten and Harsanyi became Economics Nobel Laureates in 1994 for their contributions to economic game theory. In the 1970s, game theory was extensively applied in biology, largely as a result of the work of John Maynard metalworker and his evolutionarily stable strategy. In addition, the concepts of correlated equilibrium, trembling hand perfection, and common knowledge were introduced and analysed.In 2005, game theorists Thomas Schelling and Robert Aumann followed Nash, Selten and Harsanyi as Nobel Laureates. Schelling worked on dynamic models, early examples of evolutionary game theory. Aumann contributed more to the equilibrium school, introducing an equilibrium coarsening, correlated equilibrium, and developing an extensive formal analysis of the assumption of common knowledge and of its consequences.In 2007, Leonid Hurwicz, together with Eric Maskin and Roger Myerson, was awarded the Nobel booty in Economics for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory. Myersons contributions include the notion of proper equilibrium, and an important graduate text Game Theory, Analysis of Conflict (Myerson 1997). Hurwicz introduced and declare the concept of incentive compatibility.Modern game theory began with the idea regarding the existence of mixed-strategy equilibria in two-person zero-sum games and its proof by John von Neumann. Von Neumanns original proof used Brouwers fixed-point theorem on continuous mappings into compact convex sets, which became a standard method in game theory and mathematical economics. His paper was followed by his 1944 book Theory of Games and Economic Behaviour, with Oskar Morgenstern, which considered cooperative games of several players. The second edition of this book provided an axiomatic theory of expected utility, which allowed mathematical statisticians and economists to treat decision-making under uncertainty.This theory was developed extensively in the 1950s by many scholars. Game theory was later explicitly applied to biology in the 1970s, although similar developments go back at least(prenominal) as far as the 1930s. Game theory has been widely recognized as an important tool in many fields. Eight game-theorists have won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, and John Maynard Smith was awarded the Crafoord Prize for his application of game theory to biology.Game theory, is a branch of applied maths that provides tools for analysing situations in which parties, called players, make decisions that are interdependent. This interdependence causes each player to consider the other players possible decisions, or strategies, in formulating his own strategy. A solution to a game describes the optimal decisions of the players, who may have similar, opposed, or mixed interests, and the outcomes that may result from these decisions. Although game theory can be and has been used to analyze parlour games, its applications are much broad er. In fact, game theory was originally developed by the Hungarian-born American mathematician John von Neumann(http//www.gametheorysociety.org/)

The Fate of a Creative Person Essay Example for Free

The Fate of a Creative Person Es conjectureThe Fate of a Creative Person What is creativity? Who argon productive quite a little? What role do they play in our society? Creativity refers to the phenomenon whereby a person creates something smart (a product, a solution, a work of art etc. ) that has some kind of value. According to this definition we may conclude that creative persons are those spate who are able to produce something new that has some kind of value, both personal and public.On the one hand, homophiley scholars are sure that people reveal their creative abilities only when they are surrounded by positive things, when they deplete a loving family, grave friends. On the other hand, some researches show that many a(prenominal) people can create something only when their life story is full of hardships and difficulties. Many writers devoted their works to description of creative peoples life.Among them are William Somerset Maugham, Kazuo Ishiguro, bloody sham e Shelly and Ernest Hemingway. To my mind this fact proves that the fate of creative persons has interested people since long ago. To watch how the above mentioned writers reflected the fate of creative people in literature we immovable to analyze the protagonists characters of the three novels The multi-colored Veil, An Artist of the Floating World, Frankenstein and a short story The Snows of Kilimanjaro.All these characters have both similar and polar traits they devoted their life to different fields of science and art (Walter Fane to biology, Masui Ono- to painting, Victor Frankenstein- to study of chemical processes and the decay of living beings, Harry-to literature), exactly the end of their life is the said(prenominal) ( wholly of them, except Masui Ono, died at the end of the book). Now lets have a deeper look at these characters. Walter Fane is one of the of import triggermanes in the novel The Painted Veil by W. S. Maugham.He was a young, poor yet giving great h opes biologist when he beginning(a) saw Kitty and married her, cerebration that he really loved her. As the novel progresses Walter starts to understand that marriage with Kitty was the greatest mistake in his life. At first he erect all the blame for distraction of their marriage on Kitty. She wasnt fair to him when started to have affairs with Charles Townsend. But later Walter realizes that part of the blame was on him, it was he who proposed to Kitty with go forth getting to know her properly. Walter tries to find the escape from the problems in science.He convinces Kitty in Charless shallowness, co fightdice and deception and persuades her to move with him to China where he will be curing people of epidemic disease. This trip became a crucial moment both for Kitty and Walter, from this moment they started to understand and respect distributively other. Days and wickednesss Walter spends at the laboratory trying to find the cure. People treat him as a saint, only Kitty at fi rst doesnt pit that he is a very intelligent, kind person, devoted to his job. I think he would be also devoted to a family if he had a good one.May be Walter hoped even that everything can be good in the near future, he notices that Kitty changes, she becomes more thoughtful, more sensible. But Kitty destroys his hopes when she understands that she is pregnant, but on Walters question Who is the father? she says I dont know. Shortly after that Walter dies, supposedly in the result of experiments that he carries out in himself trying to find the cure. But the reader doesnt know whether all this happened by accident or whether Walter did it deliberately, as his hopes for happy life had been destroyed.The calamity of Walters life is in his deep involvement in science. Being absorbed by it since young he failed to make out between confessedly feelings and Kittys desire not to lag behind her younger sister and marry someone as soon as possible. So, from the example of this hero we c an see that sometimes people of great creative potential are too devoted to their occupation, they are very successful in their job, but suffer in everyday life, being unable to accommodate to it. Another example of a creative person in literature is Masui Ono, an elderly man who devoted his life to paintings.His creativity, his art had a destructing character. He and some other painters and composers during World War II propaganded Japans involvement in the war and Germans support by their works. When a young man, Masui depicted in his works a floating humanity beauty of nature, beauty of women, night pleasures- all the things that were not forever. But later when he matured, when he realized that his country was in crisis, that poverty and famine were progressing, Masui decided to do everything he could to do people.This decision seems very generous, but the way he embodies his plans and the results of these plans change the readers mind. In his pictures he calls people to join the army and help Germany to nothingness the war, hoping that the win in it will help his country to overcome all the difficulties. On the one hand, we cant despise him, because everything he did was realization of his impartial desire to help his country, and besides he also suffered as he lost his wife and his son in the war.But on the other hand, Masui and people having the kindred ideas, who were blind and couldnt see the real political situation, led the country to even more critical situation, because the war brought nothing but ruins and breathless bodies. In the period of reconstruction such people like Ono become outcast, some of them even commit suicide, some of them are too old and save spend their last years in loneliness. Ono in comparison with such people is not lonely, he has a family two daughters and a grandson. He neer stays at home alone, his elder daughter very often comes to visit him.But Masui isnt lonely only on the surface, deep internal he is extremel y lonely his daughters dont understand him, they watch at him like at an elderly man, all they feel is only pity. Masuis past has influenced not only his own life but also lives of his children his younger daughter couldnt marry, because young men didnt want to have any business with a family, that had contributed to the destruction of the country. So, the tragedy of such people like Masui Ono is that they failed to give their gift the right direction.People could have admired Onos works, but he didnt manage to make out between art and politics, two things that are very rarely can be combined. The third novel tells us a story of Victor Frankenstein, a young man who became interested in science since the very childhood. His study at the university has providential him to the terrific experiment-creation of a living being from dead peoples bodies. He becomes fascinated with the secret of life, discovers it, and brings a hideous monster to life.The monster production to kill Victors youngest brother, best friend, and wife he also indirectly causes the deaths of two other innocents, including Victors father. Though torn by shame and guilt, Victor refuses to admit to anyone the horror of what he has created, even as he sees that he loses control of his creature. As the novel progresses Victor turns from an innocent youth fascinated by science into a disillusioned man determined to destroy the result of his horrific experiment by all means.At first Victor doesnt care slightly the results of his experiments, he cuts himself off from the society and carries his experiments out. He lacks humanity in spite of the fact that he was brought up in a big family, in which everyone loved and respected each other. He takes the responsibility of the God for making people alive, but cant care with the consequences. He realizes what he really had done only after the monster starts killing people who were close to him. The rest of his life Victor devotes to searching for the m onster and killing him, but dies himself.His life and life of all his relatives-that is the price that victor payed for his thoughtless experiments. The example of this character, as well as the example of the character from the former novel, one more time proves the fact that not always creative people know, how to use their gift. Instead of using it for peaceful purposes they are blindly wasting away it or are directing it to dangerous innovations. Creation of the monster by Victor Frankenstein in the novel can be put on the same scale with creation of the atomic bomb.The protagonist of the short story The Snows of Kilimanjaro Harry is a writer, who during his travel in Africa infected his cut on the leg and is dying from gangrene. This character is as lonely in life as Masui Ono he has a woman who loves him, but he doesnt love her, she is reach and this is the main reason for Harrys staying with her. In fact he was lonely all his life he loved a lot of women but all of them le ft him because he was demanding too much. The problem of this character is that only at the end of his life Harry realizes that he didnt manage to write about everything he wanted, that he did very little in this life.Lying on the stretcher in the last evening before his death, the hero recollects all the events he would like to describe in his books in details. Rich imagination of this person, imagination that wasnt fully used, is revealed in the last minutes of the heros life his death seems to him a flight on the helicopter to his destiny a snowy peak of Kilimanjaro. To make a conclusion I would like to say that a fate of a creative person has been quite a hot issue in literature for many centuries and is touched upon by many contemporary writers.Different writers took different protagonists for their books but many of them make such heroes unhappy outcast of the society. They cant find their place in the world by different reasons one of them are so absorbed by their ideas that cant distinguish peoples true feelings, others cant direct their creativity in the right way, others use only very small part of their talent and dont perform their function in this world. If you have gift it means you were touched by God and you should create only good things using this gift. If your creativity brings destruction you will be punished by God.